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Health Seeking Behavior and Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

The Case of Rural Malawi

by Qun Wang (Author)
©2018 Thesis 168 Pages
Series: Challenges in Public Health, Volume 66

Summary

This book analyzes the patterns of and factors associated with health seeking behavior and out-of-pocket (OOP) spending on chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) in rural Malawi. The author used descriptive statistics to describe treatment options and related household OOP expenditure on CNCDs and econometrics models to analyze factors influencing health seeking behavior and OOP expenditure on CNCDs. This study found that in spite of a context where care for CNCDs should in principle be free of charge at the point of use, the utilization rates of CNCD care are still low and OOP payments impose a considerable financial burden on rural households, especially among the poorest.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • About the author
  • About the book
  • This eBook can be cited
  • Acknowledgements
  • Table of Contents
  • Abbreviations
  • List of Tables
  • List of Figures
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs)
  • 1.1.1 Definition of CNCDs
  • 1.1.2 CNCDs worldwide
  • 1.1.3 CNCDs in low- and middle-income countries
  • 1.1.4 CNCDs in SSA
  • 1.1.5 The WHO and United Nations initiatives toward the four major health conditions and other CNCDs
  • 1.2 Health seeking behavior
  • 1.2.1 Health seeking options on CNCDs in SSA
  • 1.2.2 Factors associated with health seeking behavior for CNCDs in SSA
  • 1.2.3 Knowledge gap in health seeking behavior on CNCDs in SSA
  • 1.3 Out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP)
  • 1.3.1 Overall OOP expenditure on CNCDs and its breakdown in SSA
  • 1.3.2 The economic impact of OOP expenditure on CNCDs in SSA
  • 1.3.3 Factors that influence OOP expenditure on CNCDs in SSA
  • 1.3.4 Knowledge gap in OOP expenditure on CNCDs in SSA
  • 1.4 Aim of the dissertation
  • 1.5 Malawi, its health system and CNCDs in Malawi
  • 1.5.1 The country
  • 1.5.2 Health status
  • 1.5.3 The health system
  • 2. Methods
  • 2.1 Study setting
  • 2.1.1 The demographic, economic, and cultural context in the study area
  • 2.1.2 Health status and health service provision in the study area
  • 2.2 Data and data collection
  • 2.2.1 Sampling
  • 2.2.2 The questionnaire
  • 2.2.3 Field procedures
  • 2.2.4 Data collection
  • 2.3 Variables and their measurement
  • 2.3.1 The outcome variables
  • 2.3.2 The explanatory variables
  • 2.4 Analytical frameworks to model health seeking behavior and healthcare expenditure
  • 2.4.1 Analytical options for modelling health seeking behavior
  • 2.4.2 The model that I chose to analyze health seeking behavior in this study
  • 2.4.3 Analytical options for modelling healthcare expenditure
  • 2.4.4 The model that I chose to analyze OOP expenditure in this study
  • 2.5 Statistical analysis
  • 2.5.1 Descriptive analysis for health seeking behavior
  • 2.5.2 Analytical analysis for health seeking behavior
  • 2.5.3 Descriptive analysis for OOP expenditure
  • 2.5.4 Analytical analysis for OOP expenditure
  • 3. Results
  • 3.1 General characteristics of the whole sample of the panel and respondents reporting a CNCD
  • 3.2 Descriptive statistics for health seeking behavior on CNCDs
  • 3.3 Analytical results for health seeking behavior on CNCDs
  • 3.4 Descriptive statistics for OOP expenditure on CNCDs
  • 3.5 Analytical results for OOP expenditure on CNCDs
  • 4. Discussion
  • 4.1 Disease categories and classification
  • 4.2 Methodological considerations
  • 4.2.1 Sample
  • 4.2.2 Data collection and data
  • 4.2.3 Analytical approach
  • 4.3 Discussion of the results
  • 4.3.1 Self-reported cases on CNCDs and characteristics of CNCD reporters
  • 4.3.2 Options of health seeking behavior on CNCDs
  • 4.3.3 Factors associated with health seeking behavior on CNCDs
  • 4.3.4 OOP expenditure on CNCDs
  • 4.3.5 Factors associated with OOP expenditure on CNCDs
  • 4.4 Generalizability of research findings
  • 4.5 Policy implications and recommendations
  • 5. Conclusions
  • 6. Summary
  • 7. References
  • 8. Appendices
  • 8.1 Algorithm for grouping of reported non-communicable disorders and symptoms into illness categories
  • 8.2 The questionnaire for CNCDs
  • 8.3 Consent form
  • Series Index

← 12 | 13 →

Abbreviations

← 14 | 15 →

List of Tables

← 16 | 17 →

Details

Pages
168
Year
2018
ISBN (PDF)
9783631741184
ISBN (ePUB)
9783631741191
ISBN (MOBI)
9783631741207
ISBN (Softcover)
9783631717394
DOI
10.3726/b12995
Language
English
Publication date
2018 (May)
Keywords
Health economics Health financing Healthcare management Health policy Public administration
Published
Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2018. 167 pp., 4 fig. col., 4 fig. b/w, 19 tables

Biographical notes

Qun Wang (Author)

Qun Wang received her doctoral degree in humanities from the University of Heidelberg, Germany. She is a lecturer at the Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, China.

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Title: Health Seeking Behavior and Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
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170 pages