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Redefining Citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand

by Jatinder Mann (Author)
©2019 Monographs XVI, 188 Pages
Series: Studies in Transnationalism, Volume 2

Summary

Adopting a political and legal perspective, Redefining Citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand undertakes a transnational study that examines the demise of Britishness as a defining feature of the conceptualisation of citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand and the impact that this historic shift has had on Indigenous and other ethnic groups in these states. During the 1950s and 1970s an ethnically based citizenship was transformed into a civic-based one (one based on rights and responsibilities). The major context in which this took place was the demise of British race patriotism in Australia, English-speaking Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand. Although the timing of this shift varied, Aboriginal groups and non-British ethnic groups were now incorporated, or appeared to be incorporated, into ideas of citizenship in all three nations. The development of citizenship in this period has traditionally been associated with immigration in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand. However, the historical origins of citizenship practices in all three countries have yet to be fully analysed. This is what Redefining Citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand does. The overarching question addressed by the book is: Why and how did the end of the British World lead to the redefinition of citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand between the 1950s and 1970s in regard to other ethnic and Indigenous groups? This book will be useful for history and politics courses, as well as specialised courses on citizenship and Indigenous studies.

Table Of Contents


Jatinder Mann

Redefining Citizenship
in Australia, Canada,
and Aotearoa New Zealand

About the author

Jatinder Mann is Assistant Professor of History at Hong Kong Baptist University. He is the editor of Citizenship in Transnational Perspective: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and author of The Search for a New National Identity: The Rise of Multiculturalism in Canada and Australia, 1890s–1970s.

About the book

Adopting a political and legal perspective, Redefining Citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand undertakes a transnational study that examines the demise of Britishness as a defining feature of the conceptualisation of citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand and the impact that this historic shift has had on Indigenous and other ethnic groups in these states. During the 1950s and 1970s an ethnically based citizenship was transformed into a civic-based one (one based on rights and responsibilities). The major context in which this took place was the demise of British race patriotism in Australia, English-speaking Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand. Although the timing of this shift varied, Aboriginal groups and non-British ethnic groups were now incorporated, or appeared to be incorporated, into ideas of citizenship in all three nations. The development of citizenship in this period has traditionally been associated with immigration in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand. However, the historical origins of citizenship practices in all three countries have yet to be fully analysed. This is what Redefining Citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand does. The overarching question addressed by the book is: Why and how did the end of the British World lead to the redefinition of citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand between the 1950s and 1970s in regard to other ethnic and Indigenous groups? This book will be useful for history and politics courses, as well as specialised courses on citizenship and Indigenous studies.

Advance Praise for

Redefining Citizenship in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand

“The diverse array of citizens of settler colonizer nations need to know their full story. This clearly written and courageously comparative history demonstrates how at the end of the British world, three nation-states redefined citizenship from a concept based upon race, status, and links to Britain to one based upon civic rights and responsibilities. This meticulously researched book will be a must-read for scholars interested in national identity, political and legal history, and the history of indigenous resistance.”

—Ann McGrath (AM, FASSA, FAHA), Kathleen Fitzpatrick Australian Laureate Fellow and W.K. Hancock Professor of History, School of History, Australian National University

“This book is a groundbreaking comparative study of Canada, Australia, and Aotearoa New Zealand and the shift from ethnic forms of British-based national identity to civic and potentially more inclusive varieties during the 1960s and 1970s. This crucial shift in identity has been inadequately studied until now. Jatinder Mann’s insightful and impeccably researched book, based on a wealth of primary sources, casts new light into the connections between national identity and citizenship in settler states. It correlates major changes in conceptions of national self and other with the rise and decline of the British imperial system. An impressive addition to the literature on citizenship studies, Indigenous peoples, and racialized peoples.”

—David B. MacDonald, Professor and Research Leadership Chair for the College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, Department of Political Science, University of Guelph

“At a time when a disunited Kingdom is engaged in an almost byzantine debate about Brexit in which some protagonists are seeking to rekindle the flames of empire, Jatinder Mann’s impressive book offers a rigorous analysis of how the relations between Britain and its closest dominions became severely weakened if not entirely severed.

Carefully examining the way citizenship was redefined in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand between the 1950s and 1970s, Mann demonstrates how changing global geopolitical relations, the strengthening of demands for indigenous people’s rights, and increasingly diverse non-British immigration patterns moved the basis of majority settler forms of national identity towards varying multicultural and bicultural frames of belonging.

This book is essential reading for students of the political history of British settler states, within and across these area studies, and will be invaluable for citizenship specialists, especially with expertise in ethnic and indigenous studies, still debating whether the British World is being revived or is irretrievably lost.”

—David Pearson, Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Social and Cultural Studies, Victoria University of Wellington

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Acknowledgments

As with my first monograph, the writing of this book has been a journey that has taken place in different countries and continents, and I would like to thank those who have supported me throughout this venture. This book emerged out of my Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship research project at the University of Alberta (U of A) in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. I would like to thank Peter Lang Publishing for agreeing to publish my second monograph. In particular, I express gratitude to Meagan Simpson for commissioning the manuscript, and Jennifer Beszley and Luke McCord for seeing it through to production. I would like to thank my Research Assistant, Ken Ng for his help with putting the index of the book together. Additionally, I express my gratitude to Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) for its generous subvention, which contributed to the publication of this monograph.

An article based on parts of Chapter 1 entitled “The End of the British World and the Redefinition of Citizenship in Australia, 1950s-1970s” was published in the Chinese Journal of Australian Studies. An article based on parts of Chapter 2 entitled “The End of the British World and the Redefinition of Citizenship in Canada, 1950s-1970s” was published in the Asian Journal of Canadian Studies. An article based on parts of Chapter 3 entitled “The End of the British World and the Redefinition of Citizenship in Aotearoa New←ix | x→ Zealand, 1950s–1970s” was published in National Identities. A scholarly book chapter based on parts of Chapter 2 entitled “The Redefinition of Citizenship in Canada, 1950s-1970s” was published in Jatinder Mann (ed.), Citizenship in Transnational Perspective: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). I would like to thank the publishers of the journals and edited book for their permission to publish these sections of the book.

I owe thanks to many institutions and people for their assistance during the process leading to the completion of this manuscript. In particular, I acknowledge the U of A, the Australian National University (ANU), Carleton University, the Victoria University of Wellington (VUW), King’s College London, and HKBU. I thank all my friends and colleagues in these institutions for their constant encouragement and support in the writing of this book. I would especially like to mention the School of Politics and International Relations at the ANU, the School of Indigenous and Canadian Studies at Carleton University, and the Stout Research Centre for New Zealand Studies at VUW, for providing me with a scholarly home and material support which enabled me to carry out the research for my three case studies.

I would also like to express my immense gratitude to Professor Janine Brodie for her considerable guidance, support, and feedback during my Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship at the U of A. Actually, the thanks even goes as far back as when I applied for a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship (the most prestigious fellowship of its kind in Canada) and she kindly agreed to be my mentor/supervisor. My project benefitted immensely from having Janine as my mentor/supervisor, and I will forever be grateful for this.

I am thankful to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada for awarding me a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship, without which this book would not have been possible. I am also grateful to the Office of the Vice-President (Research) at the U of A for its extremely generous research support, which enabled me to carry out my research in Canberra, Australia, and Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand. Thanks are also due to the International Council for Canadian Studies for awarding me the inaugural Avi Arensen Canadian Studies Postdoctoral Fellowship, which enabled me to conduct my research in Ottawa, Canada.

The staff members at Archives New Zealand Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga, Library and Archives Canada, the National Archives of Australia, the National Library of Australia, and the National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa were always very helpful. I would also like to thank the permission holders of the following personal papers and fonds←x | xi→ for their kind permission to consult restricted parts of them: Al Grassby Papers, Sir Billy Snedden Papers, Lester B. Pearson Fonds, Pierre Elliott Trudeau Fonds, Jack Pickersgill Fonds, Richard Albert Bell Fonds, and the David Watt Ballantyne Papers.

Lastly, but certainly not least, I would like to thank my friends and family all across the world for your constant support and belief in me. It was not always easy writing this book, and I often had to dig deep, but your words of encouragement always helped. I hope to continue thanking you all for many more books to come.

Details

Pages
XVI, 188
Year
2019
ISBN (PDF)
9781433151095
ISBN (ePUB)
9781433151101
ISBN (MOBI)
9781433151118
ISBN (Hardcover)
9781433151088
DOI
10.3726/b15770
Language
English
Publication date
2019 (July)
Published
New York, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Oxford, Wien, 2019. XVI, 188 pp.

Biographical notes

Jatinder Mann (Author)

Jatinder Mann is Assistant Professor of History at Hong Kong Baptist University. He is the editor of Citizenship in Transnational Perspective: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and author of The Search for a New National Identity: The Rise of Multiculturalism in Canada and Australia, 1890s–1970s.

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