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The Model of the Corporate Compliance Officer

by Katrin Kanzenbach (Author)
©2020 Thesis 558 Pages

Summary

The book introduces the model of the corporate compliance officer under US, UK and German law and practice. It aims to analyze the compliance function within private sector companies in the three selected jurisdictions in order to present a model of the German Compliance Officer. There is little uniformity and standardization of the German compliance function outside the banking sector. It has been recognized that a generally applicable definition of the compliance function is as yet absent. There is a need for a generally applicable definition and a modern understanding of the role of the compliance officer. This is why this book is intended to bridge the gap in knowledge concerning the applicable legal standards required to ensure the effectiveness of this position. As such, it may be useful to examine the legal environment of the compliance function outside of the German framework and to explore the professional status and role of the corporate compliance officer in other countries, such as in the US and the UK.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Acknowledgements
  • About the author
  • About the book
  • Citability of the eBook
  • Contents
  • List of Abbreviations
  • Table of Cases
  • Table of Statutes
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Introduction
  • Comparison of the Common Law and Civil Law Systems
  • A. The Purpose of Comparing Law
  • I. A Brief Legal History of the Common Law and Civil Law Systems
  • II. The Fundamental Differences between the Two Legal Systems
  • 1. Comparison of the Sources of Law
  • a. The Main Source of the Common Law System
  • b. Development of Equity in the English Common Law System
  • c. Legal Concepts in the Common Law
  • d. The Major Sources in the European Civil Law System
  • e. Legislation in the European Civil Law Countries
  • f. Customary Law in the Civil Law System
  • g. Final Comparison of the Sources of Law
  • 2. Comparison of the Structures of the Court Systems
  • a. The Structure of the Court System in the UK
  • b. The Structure of the Federal Court System in the US
  • c. The Structure of the German Court System
  • d. Final Comparison of the Court Systems
  • 3. Development of the Law in the Two Systems
  • a. Development in the Common Law
  • b. Development in the Civil Law
  • c. Summary of the Development of both Legal Systems
  • III. Outlook for Further Development
  • B. Discussion of Relevant Literature
  • I. The Key Issues Relating to the German Compliance Officer
  • II. The Key Issues Relating to the American Compliance Officer
  • III. The Key Issues Relating to the UK Compliance Officer
  • IV. Conclusion and Outlook
  • The Origins of Corporate Compliance
  • A. Legal Roots and Cultural Background of Compliance in the US
  • I. Definitions of Compliance in the US
  • II. The Historical Evolution of the Compliance Function in the US
  • III. Definition of the Compliance Function in the US
  • B. Legal Roots and Cultural Background of Compliance in the UK
  • I. Definition of Compliance in the United Kingdom
  • II. The Historical Evolution of the Compliance Function in the UK
  • III. Definition of the Compliance Function in the United Kingdom
  • C. Legal Roots and Cultural Background of Compliance in Germany
  • I. Definition of Compliance in Germany
  • II. The Historical Evolution of the German Compliance Function
  • III. Definition of the Compliance Function in Germany
  • D. Conclusion
  • The American Legal Framework of Corporate Compliance
  • A. The Importance of the Legal Framework for American Compliance
  • I. The Development of US Federal Legislation
  • 1. The Key Provisions of the FCPA
  • a. The Hallmarks of an Effective Corporate Compliance Program
  • b. Compliance Reforms through N/DPA Agreements?
  • c. FCPA Settlements Review Related to the Compliance Function
  • d. The FCPA Siemens AG Case and the Huge Changes of Corporate Structures
  • e. The Changing FCPA Enforcement Policy of the DOJ
  • f. Conclusion - The Compliance Officer’s Work under FCPA
  • 2. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
  • a. The Composition of the SOX
  • b. Important Definitions of the SOX
  • c. Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
  • d. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
  • e. The Shifting in Responsibility for Compliance Tasks
  • f. The SEC cases against Compliance Officers
  • g. Conclusion - The Compliance Officers Work under SOX
  • 3. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (FSGO)
  • a. Chapter 8 - Sentencing of Organizations
  • b. The FSGO Amendments in 2004 and 2010
  • c. The Impact of the Organizational Guidelines (FSGO)
  • d. Conclusion – The Compliance Officer’s Work under the FSGO
  • 4. The Line of Federal Law and the Challenges Posed by the Role of Compliance Officers
  • II. State Corporation Law and the Development of Directors and Officers Duties
  • 1. Relevant Definitions and Provisions Relating to US Corporation Law
  • 2. Directors and Officers Indemnification
  • 3. The Line of Cases Relating to Corporate Directors and Officers
  • a. The Caremark Litigation and the Duty of Oversight
  • i. The Legal Principles of Caremark and the Impact Thereof
  • ii. The Holding in Caremark and the Settlement
  • iii. Significance of Caremark and the Consequences thereof
  • b. The Confirmation of Oversight Liability
  • c. What is an Officer’s Duty?
  • III. Is the Compliance Officer Covered by the Employment-At-Will Doctrine?
  • 1. US Employment Law
  • 2. The Employment Agreements of Corporate Officers
  • a. The New York At- Will Employment Doctrine
  • b. Mayers v. Stone and the Employment Agreement
  • 3. Conclusion – The Compliance Officers Work under US State Corporation Law and Employment Law
  • B. The Model of the Corporate Compliance Officer in the US
  • I. The Compliance Officer within the Corporate Structure
  • II. The Role of the Corporate Compliance Officer
  • III. Development of Responsibilities and Duties of the Compliance Officer
  • IV. The Liability of the Corporate Compliance Officer
  • 1. Statutory Supervisory Liability
  • 2. Liability for Breach of Duty of Oversight
  • 3. Increasing Personal Liability of the Corporate Compliance Officer
  • V. The Evolving Model of the US Corporate Compliance Officer
  • The UK Legal Framework of Compliance
  • A. The Importance of the Legal Framework for UK Compliance
  • I. The Development of Company Law in the UK
  • 1. The Roots of Legislation in UK Company Law
  • 2. The Joint Companies Act of 1844 and 1856
  • 3. Current Legislation and Company Law Reform
  • II. The Enforcement of Duties under Company Law
  • 1. Equitable Principles of Directors’ Fiduciary Duties
  • 2. Statutory Directors’ Duties under Company Law
  • 3. The Legal Definition and General Role of Company Officers
  • a. Officers in Default
  • b. Company Managers
  • c. Company Secretaries
  • 4. Theories of Company Liability in the UK
  • 5. Factors to be Considered when Charging Companies
  • 6. Compliance in English Company Law
  • 7. Comparison between UK and US Compliance under Corporation Law
  • III. The Enforcement of Compliance in the UK - The Bribery Act 2010
  • 1. The Key Provisions of the UKBA 2010
  • 2. Prosecution under the UKBA 2010
  • 3. Bribery Cases and Actions under the UKBA 2010
  • 4. Comparison between the FCPA and UKBA 2010 Compliance Requirements
  • IV. The Concepts and Rules of English Employment Law
  • 1. The Nature of Employment Contracts
  • 2. The “mixed or multiple” Test for Establishing a Contract of Employment
  • 3. The Content of Employment Contracts
  • a. The Reasonable Duty of Care Imposed on Control Functions
  • b. Actions against Compliance Officers between 2002 and 2016
  • c. Specific Duties and Responsibilities of a Compliance Officer in the Regulatory Environment in the UK
  • 4. Wrongful and Unfair Dismissal
  • a. Unfair Dismissal of a Compliance Officer?
  • b. The Duties and Responsibilities Placed on Corporate Compliance Officers
  • c. Indemnity Agreements – Protection for Compliance Officers
  • 5. Comparison of Employment Rights under UK and US Employment Law
  • B. The UK Code and the Need for Greater Corporate Governance
  • I. The UK Corporate Governance Code 2016
  • 1. The “Comply or Explain” Approach or Compliance Mechanism of the Code
  • 2. The Main Provisions of UK Codes as Regards Compliance
  • 3. The Effect of the UK Code on Compliance by FTSE 350 Companies
  • II. The UK Listing Rules
  • III. Comparison between the US SOX and the UK Code
  • C. The Model of the Corporate Compliance Officer in the UK
  • I. Development of Responsibilities and Duties of the Compliance Officer
  • II. The UK Command-and-Control Model of Compliance
  • The German Legal Framework of Compliance
  • A. The Importance of the Legal Framework for German Compliance
  • I. The Development of German Law with Respect to Compliance
  • II. The Enforcement of Duties in the Area of Company Law
  • 1. Appropriate Measures for Risk Prevention Pursuant to Section 91 (2) AktG
  • a. The First Step - Appropriate Measures
  • b. The Second Step – The Risk Monitoring System
  • c. Compliance Organization in a Broader Sense
  • d. Penalties for Non-Compliance with Section § 91 (2) AktG
  • 2. The Delegation of Responsibility to the Compliance Function
  • a. The Scope of Compliance Tasks Derived from the Delegation
  • b. The Position of the German Compliance Officer
  • III. The Enforcement of Criminal Law with Respect to Compliance
  • 1. The Criminal Offence of Infidelity
  • 2. Bribery and Corruption in the Course of Business
  • 3. Comparison between American and German Bribery Case Law
  • 4. Duty as Guarantor of the Compliance Officer
  • a. The Criminal Case Law of the BGH with Respect to the Compliance Officer
  • b. The Scope and Limitations of the Liability of the Principal
  • c. Protection against Loss, Damages or Liability
  • 5. The Liability of the Compliance Officer Pursuant to Sections 9, 30, 130 OWiG
  • a. The Application of Section 9 to the Compliance Officer
  • b. The Application of Section 130 to the Compliance Officer
  • c. The Drafts of a German Statute on Company Liability
  • 6. Conclusion - Recommendations for Compliance Officers in Practice
  • IV. The Civil Liability of the Compliance Officer under German Employment Law
  • 1. The Position of the Compliance Officer under Employment Law
  • 2. The Sources of the Compliance Duties of the Compliance Officer
  • 3. A Comparison of the Scope and the Importance of the Activities of the Compliance Officer in Practice and in the Literature
  • 4. The Risks of Civil Liability of the Compliance Officer under Employment Law
  • 5. The Compliance Officer’s Protection against Dismissal
  • 6. Conclusion – The Relevant Content of the Contract of Employment
  • B. The German Corporate Governance Code
  • I. The “Comply or Explain” Approach of the German Code 2015
  • II. The Main Provisions of the German Code with Respect to Compliance
  • III. Amendment to the German Code 2017 in order to Enhance Compliance
  • IV. Conclusion – A Review of the UK and the German Code
  • C. The Model of the German Compliance Officer
  • I. Development of Responsibilities and Duties of the Compliance Officer
  • II. The Model of the Corporate Compliance Officer in Germany
  • The Model of the German Corporate Compliance Officer
  • A. Comparison between the American, UK and German Legal Framework Pertaining to Compliance and the Corporate Compliance Officer
  • I. Comparison of the Duties of Compliance Officers under Company Law
  • II. The Compliance Officer Compared under Bribery and Criminal Law
  • III. The Employment Status of the Compliance Officer compared
  • IV. The Impact of Guidelines on Compliance Officers compared
  • B. The Findings of the American and English Corporate Compliance Officers’ Model
  • I. How are the Modern Role and Legal Position of the Compliance Officer Defined under the Common Law and in Practice?
  • II. Which Aspects are Transferable to the German Compliance Officer?
  • C. An Outlook - The Modern and Dynamic Model of the German Corporate Compliance Officer
  • Bibliography

Table of Cases

US

Alpert v. 28 Williams St. Corp., 63 N.Y.2d 557 (N.Y. 1984), 557 (1984).

Am. Fed. of Tele. & Radio v. Storer Broadcasting (6th Cir. 1984), 745 F.2d 392.

Aronson v. Lewis, 473 A.2d 805 (1984).

Arthur Andersen LLP v. United States, 544 U.S. 696 (2005).

Barnes v. Andrews, 208 App. Div. 856 (S.D.N.Y. 1924), 208 856 (1924).

Bernstein v. Starrett City, Inc., (2d Dept. N.Y. 2003), 303 A.D.2d 530 (2003).

Bowles v. Ruppel, (3d Cir. 1946), 157 F.2d 944 (1946).

Kennedy, Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth, 123 F.3d 490 524 U.S. 742 97–569 (1998).

Carlson v. Metz, (Neb. 1995), 532 N.W.2d 631 (1995).

Cede & Co. v. Technicolor, Inc., 634 A.2d 345 (Del. 1993), 634 A.2d 345 (1993).

CTS Corp. v. Dynamics Corp. of America, (U.S. Supreme Court), 481 69 (1987).

Galdi v. Berg, (D. Del. 1973), 359 F. Supp. 698 (1973).

Gantler v. Stephens, 965 A.2d 695 (Del. 2009), 965 A.2d 695 (2009).

Graham v. Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, 188 A.2d 125 (Del. 1963).

Grimes v. Donald, 673 A.2d 1207 (Del. 1996), 673 A.2d 1207 (1996).

Guth v. Loft, Inc., 5 A.2d 503 (Del 1939), A.2d 5 503 (1939).

Hampshire Group, Limited v. Kuttner, C.A. No. 3607-VCS (Del. Ch. 2010), (2010).

Highland Select Equity v. Motient Corp., (Del. Ch. 2006), 906 A.2d 156 (2006),

In re Caremark International Inc. Derivative Litigation, 698 A.2d 959 (Del. Ch. 1996).

In re Dow Chemical Company Derivative Litigation, No. 4349-CC (Del. Ch. 2010), (2010).

Neal Batson, In re Enron Corporation, et al., Case No. 01-16034 (AJG) (S.D.N.Y.),

In re John H. Gutfreund, et al. | Exchange Act Release No. 34-31554, 51 SEC 93 (1992).

In re Massey Energy Company (Del. Ch. 2011), C.A. No. 5430-VCSC.A.

In re The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., WL 4826104 (2011).

In re Walt Disney Co. Derivative Litigation, (Del. 2006), 906 A.2d 27 (2006).

In re Walt Disney Co. Derivative Litig., (Del. Ch. 2004), (2004).

In re World Health Alternatives, Inc., 385 B.R. 576 (B.R. Del. 2008), (2008).

Ironworkers District Council of Philadelphia & Vicinity Retirement & Pension Plan v. Andreotti (Del. Ch. 2015), C.A. No. 9714-VCG (2015).

Leddy v. Standard Drywall, Inc., (2d Cir. 1989), 875 F.2d 383 (1989).

Lowell Hoit & Co. v. Detig, 50 N.E.2d (111. App. Ct. 1943), 50 N.E.2d.

Mason v. State 361 Ark. 357 S.W.3d 869 (Ark. 2005), (2005).

Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803).

Markow v. Synageva Biopharma Corp., (S.C. Del. 2016), (2016).

Mayers v. Stone Castle Partners, LLC, No. 650410/2013 (U.S. N.Y. 2014), (2014).

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Meinhard v. Salmon 249 N.Y. 458, 164 N.E. 54, (1928).

Merritt-Chapman & Scott Corporation v. Wolfson, 321 A.2d 138, (Del. Super. Ct. 1974).

Morrison v. Nat’l Austl. Bank Ltd., 130 S. Ct. 2869, (2010).

Murphy v. Am. Home Prod., 58 N.Y.2d 293 (1983).

Myers & Chapman, Incorporated v. Thomas G. Evans, 374 S.E.2d 385 (N.C. 1988).

Payne v. Western & Atlantic Railroad Company, 81 Tenn. 507 (1884).

Real v. Driscoll Strawberry Associates Inc. D J, F.2d 748 603 (1979).

Safeway Stores, Inc. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, (9th Cir. 1995), 64 F.3d 1282 (1995).

Schreiber v. Pennzoil Co., 419 A.2d 952 (Del. Ch. 1980), (1980).

SEC v. Dav.id P. Turner and Ousama M. Naaman, No. 10-cv-1309 (2010).

Secretary of Labor United States Department of Labor v. Lauritzen, F2d 1529 (1987).

Smith v. Van Gorkom, (Del. 1985), 488 A.2d 858 (1985).

Stone v. Ritter, 911 A.2d 362 (Del. 2006), 911 A.2d 362 (2006).

Sullivan v. Harnisch, 19 N.Y.3d 259, 19 N.Y.3d 259 (2012).

Tapia v. United States, 131 S. Ct. 2382, 180 L. Ed. 2d 357, (2011).

Troy Robillard v. Asahi Chem. Indus. Co., (Conn. Super. Ct. 1995), 44 Conn. Sup. 510.

United States of America v. American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corp., (3d Cir. 1970), 433 F.2d 174 (1970).

United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005).

United States v. Dotterweich, 320 U.S. 277, No. 5 (1943).

United States v. Ionia Management, S.A. 537 F. Supp.2d 321 (D. Conn. 2008), (2008).

United States v. Kay, 513 F.3d 432 (5th Cir. 2007), (2007).

United States & SEC v. KPMG Siddharta Siddharta & Harsono, et al., (S.D. Tex. 2001) (2001).

United States v. LBS Bank-New York, Inc., (E.D.PA. 1990), 757 F. Supp. 496 (E.D. Pa. 1990), Crim. A. No. 88-00516-05 (1990).

United States v. Microsoft Corp., 253 F.3d 34 49 (2001).

United States before the SEC v. Pekin Singer Strauss Asset Management Inc., et al., Release No. 31688 (2015).

United States before the SEC v. SFX Financial Advisory Management Enterprises, Inc. and Eugene S. Mason, No. 3-16591 (2015).

United States v. Potter, 463 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2006), (2006).

United States v. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, 08-cr-00367-RJL, (2008).

United States v. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Plea Agreement 15th December 2008, 08–cr–00367–RJL, (2008).

United States v. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Statement of Offense, 08-cr-00367-RJL, (2008).

United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, 310 U.S. 150 (1940), No. 346 150 (1940).

United States v. Trenton Potteries Company, 273 U.S. 392 (1927), No. 27 392 (1927).

United States v. Volkswagen AG, Audi AG, 16-CR-20394, (2016).

U.S. v. Microsemi Corp., No. 1:08 CV 1311, (2008).

U.S. Department of the Treasury v. Haider, No. 15-1518 (D. Minn. 2016), (2016).

←22 |
 23→

Wieder v. Skala, 80 N.Y.2d 628 (1992).

Wilson v. United States (8th Cir. 1993), 989 F.2d 953 (1993).

UK

Aberdeen Railway Company v. Blakie, Brothers [1854] UKHL 1, Macqueen 461, 461 (1854).

AG for Hong Kong v. Reid [1993] UKPC 2, Privy Council Appeal No. 44 of 1992 (1993).

Agip (Africa) Ltd. v. Kingsley & Ors [1990] EWCA Civ 2 (1990), [1991] Ch 547, (1990).

AMG Global Nominees (Private) Ltd v. Africa Resources Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 1262, (2008).

AMG Global Nominees (Private) Ltd v. SMM Holdings Ltd & Anor. [2008] EWHC 221 (Ch), (2008).

Anglo Petroleum Ltd & Anor v. TFB (Mortgages) Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 456, (2007).

Armitage v. Nurse & Ors [1997] 2 All ER 705, [1998] Ch 241, [1997] EWCA Civ 1279, [1997] Pens LR 51, [1997] 3 WLR 1046, (1997).

Bairstow & Ors v. Queens Moat Houses Plc. [2001] 2 BCLC 531, [2001] EWCA Civ 712, [2002] BCC 91, (2001).

Barker v. Corus UK Ltd, [2006] 2 AC 572; [2006] 3 All ER 785; [2006] 2 WLR 1027; 89 BMLR 1(2006).

Barnett, Hoares & Co v. South London Tramways Co [1887] 18 QBD, 815 (1887).

Belmont Finance Corporation v. Williams Furniture [1980] 1 AER, 393, (1980).

Brandeaux Advisers (UK) Ltd & Ors v. Chadwick [2010] EWHC 3241 (QB), (2010).

British Racing Drivers Club Ltd v Hextall Erskine & Co, [1996] 3 All E.R. 667, [1996] B.C.C. 727, [1997] 1 B.C.L.C. 182, [1996] P.N.L.R. 523, (1996).

Burgin & Anor v Commission of Police for the Metropolis & Ors [2011] EWHC 1835, CO/5723/2010, CO/6227/2010 (2011).

Carmichael and Another v. National Power Plc [1999] UKHL 47; [1999] 1 WLR 2042; [1999] 4 All ER 897, (1999).

Collier v. Sunday Referee Publishing Co Ltd [1940] 2 KB 647 [1940] 4 All ER 234, (1940).

Commerzbank AG v. Keen [2006] EWCA Civ 1536, (2006).

Corporate Development Partners Llc v. E-Relationship Marketing Ltd [2007] EWHC 436 (Ch), (2007).

Cossington v. C2C Rail Ltd [2013] UKEAT 0053_13_1209, (2013).

Cox v. Cox & Anor [2006] EWHC 1077 (Ch), (2006).

Darker and Others and Chief Constable of The West Midlands Police, [2001] 1 AC 435; [2000] 4 All ER 193[2000] 3 WLR 747 (2000).

Dovey v. Cory [1901] AC 477, 70 LJ Ch 753, (1901).

Driver v. Air India Ltd. [2011] EWCA Civ 830, (2011).

Estafnous v. London & Leeds Business Centres Ltd. [2009] EWHC 1308 (Ch), (2009).

←23 |
 24→

Farrow v. Wilson (1869) LR 4, CP 744, .

Ferguson v. Wilson (LJJ 1866) LR 2 Ch App 77, 36 LJ Ch 67 (1866).

Green v. Bestobell Industries Ltd [1982] WAR 1, (1982).

Gyrus Group Ltd & Anor, R v. [2014] EW Misc B57 (CC), (2014).

Hamid (t/a Hamid Properties) v. Francis Bradshaw Partnership [2013] EWCA Civ 470, (2013).

Harold Holdsworth & Co (Wakefield) Ltd v. Caddies [1955] 1 WLR 352, (1955).

HM Attorney General v. Blake [1997] EWCA Civ 3008 (16th December, 1997), (1997).

Holland v Revenue and Customs & Anor [2011] Bus LR 111, [2010] UKSC 51, [2011] 1 All ER 430, [2010] WLR 2793, [2010] 1 WLR 2793, [2011] BCC 1, [2010] STI 3074, (2010).

Howard Smith Limited v. Ampol Petroleum Limited and Others [1974] 2 WLR 689, 118 SJLB 330, [1974] AC 821, [1974] UKPC 3, [1974] 1 All ER 1126, (1974).

In re Exchange Banking Company (1882) LR 21 Ch D 519, (1882).

Johnson v. Gore Wood & Co. [2000] UKHL 65; [2001] 1 All ER 481; [2001] 2 WLR 72 (2000).

Lister v. Romford Ice and Cold Storage [1957] AC 555, (1957).

Market Investigations Ltd v. Minister of Social Security [1969] 2 QB 173, (1969).

Mattu v. The University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust [2012] EWCA Civ 641, (2012).

McClelland v. Northern Ireland General Health Services [1957] 1 WLR 594, [1957] 2 All ER 129, (1957).

McKenzie, R v. Director of the SFO [2016] EWHC 102, CO/4888/2015 (2016).

Moore v. Garwood (1849) 4 Exch. 681, (1849).

Mothew (t/a Stapley & Co) v. Bristol & West Building Society [1996] 4 All ER 698, [1998] Ch 1[1996] EWCA Civ 533, [1997] PNLR 11, [1997] 2 WLR 436, (1996).

Panorama Developments (Guildford) Ltd v. Fidelis Furnishing Fabrics Ltd [1971] 2 QB 711, [1971] 3 All ER 16, .

Paros Plc v. Worldlink Group Plc [2012] EWHC 394 (Comm), (2012).

Percival v. Wright [1902] 2 Ch. 401, (1902).

Ranger v. Brown [1978] ICR 603, (1978).

Ravjani & Ors, R. v. [2012] EWCA Crim 2519, (2012).

Re a Company [1980] Ch 138, [1980] 2 WLR 241, (1980).

Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v. Minister of Pensions and National Insurance [1967] EWHC QB 3, 497 (1967).

Re Barings plc (No. 5) [1999] 1 BCLC, [2000] 1 BCLC 523, 433 (1999).

Re Chez Nico Ltd., [1992] BCLC 192 (1991).

Re Elgindata Ltd [1991] BCLC 959, (1991).

Regal (Hastings) Ltd v. Gulliver [1942] 1 All ER 378, [1967] 2 AC 134, [1942] UKHL 1, (1942).

Re Sevenoaks Stationers (Retail) Ltd [1991] BCLC 325., (1991).

Robertson v. Newcastle Breweries Ltd [2000] EAT 1373 99 1804, (2000).

Romford Ice & Cold Storage Co v. Lister [1956] UKHL 6, (1956).

R v. Boal (CA 1992), [1992] QB 591, [1992] 2 WLR 890, (1992).

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 25→

R v. Innospec Ltd [2010] EW Misc 7 (EWCC), (2010).

R v. Patel (Munir Yakub) [2012] EWCA Crim 1243, (2012).

Said v. Butt [1920] 3 KB 497, (1920).

Salomon v. Salomon [1896] UKHL 1, [1897] AC 22, [1897] A.C. 22-58 22 (1896).

Soma Oil And Gas Ltd, R v. Director of the SFO [2016] EWHC 2471, (2016).

Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain et al., 542 U.S. 692 (2004).

Standard Chartered Bank v. Pakistan National Shipping Corp [2002] UKHL 43, [2003] 1 AC 959, (2002).

Stevenson, Jordan and Harrison Ltd v. MacDonald and Evans [1952] 1 TLR 101, (1952).

Tchenguiz & Anor v. Director of the Serious Fraud Office [2014] EWHC 1315, (2014).

Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v. Nattrass [1971] 2 All ER 127, [1971] 2 WLR 1166, [1971] UKHL 1, 69 LGR 403, [1972] AC 153, 1 (1971).

Troutbeck SA v. White & Anor [2013] EWCA Civ 1171, (2013).

UBS AG (London Branch) & Anor v. Kommunale Wasserwerke Leipzig GMBH [2014] EWHC 3615, 2010 Folio 505 (2014).

Weatherford UK Ltd v. Forbes [2011] UKEAT 0038 11 2012, (2011).

Welton v. Saffery (HL 1897) [1897}, 299 AC 66 (1897).

West & Anor, R v. [2016] EWCA Crim 742, 201500057 B5 (2016).

Willford, R (On the Application Of) v. Financial Services Authority [2013] EWCA Civ 677, (2013).

William Hill Organisation Ltd v. Tucker [1998] EWCA Civ 615, (1998).

Germany

ArbG Berlin, 18.2.2010-38 Ca 12879/09 - Kündigung einer leitenden Compliance-Mitarbeiterin, 2010 CCZ 158–160 (2010).

BAG, 09.06.1993-5 AZR 123/92-Arbeitsrechtlicher Status eines Fernsehmitarbeiters, 1994 NZA 169–171 (1993).

BAG, 13.01.1983 - 5 AZR 156/82 Rundfunkfreiheit und freie Mitarbeiter, (1983).

BAG, 13.11.1991 - 7 AZR 31/91 - Dozentin in Schulabschlußkursen, 1992 NZA 1125–1129 (1991).

BAG, 15.02.2012-10 AZR 301/10-Arbeitnehmereigenschaft bei ergänzendem Aufbauunterricht in einer Justizvollzugs-anstalt, 2012 NZA 731 (2012).

BAG, 15.11.2012 - 8 AZR 705/11 - BGB § 611 Haftung des Arbeitnehmers No. 137, AP BGB § 611 Haftung des Arbeitnehmers No. 137 (2012).

BAG, 17.04.2013 - 10 AZR 272/12 - Arbeitnehmerstatus - Cutterin, 2013 NZA 903 (2013).

BAG, 18.1.2007 - 8 AZR 250/06 - Arbeitnehmerhaftung - Anspruch einer Bank gegen Wertpapierhändler, 2007 NZA 1230–1235 (2007).

BAG, 19.02.2002 - 1 ABR 26/01 (NZA) - Geltung einer Betriebsvereinbarung in einem Betriebsteil, (2002).

BAG, 20.03.2014 - 2 AZR 565/12, 2014 NJW 2219 (2014).

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 26→

BAG, 20.11.2014 - 2 AZR 664/13, 2015 NZA 931 (2014).

BAG, 24.11.1987 - 8 AZR 524/82 - Haftung des Arbeitnehmers, 1988 NZA 579–584 (1987).

BAG GS, 27.09.1994 - GS 1/89 (A) - Haftung des Arbeitnehmers - Abkehr von der gefahrgeneigten Arbeit, 1994 NZA 1083–1086 (1994).

BGH, 6.3.2008 - 4 StR 669/07 - Werkstattleiters einer Transportbeton-spedition, NJW 1897–1899 (2008).

BGH, 6.7.1990 - 2 StR 549/89 - Strafrechtliche Produkthaftung - Lederspray-Entscheidung, NJW 2560–2569 (1990).

BGH, 6. 12. 2001 - 1 StR 215/01 - Untreue durch Zuwendungen aus dem Vermögen einer Aktiengesellschaft, NJW 1585–1589 (2001).

BGH, 7.12.2009 - II ZR 63/08 - Beschränkung der Revisionszulassung auf aktienrechtlichen Beschlussanfechtungs-grund, 2009 NZG 618–619 (2009).

BGH, 10. 7.2012 - VI ZR 341/10 - Keine Garantenpflicht von Vorstandsmitgliedern oder Geschäftsführern gegenüber Dritten zur Verhinderung von Vermögensschäden, NJW 3439–3443 (2012).

BGH, 15.7.1986 - 4 StR 301/86 - Garantenstellung eines Ordnungsamtsleiters, NJW 199 (1986).

BGH, 15.11.2001 - 1 StR 185/01 - Anhaltspunkte für strafbare Untreue eines Sparkassenvorstands bei Verletzung der nach KWG normierten Pflicht zum Verlangen nach Offenlegung der wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse bei Kreditvergabe, 172–179 (2001).

BGH, 16.07.1993 - 2 StR 294/93 - Zumutbarkeit bei Erfolgsabwendungspflicht, NStZ 29 (1993).

BGH, 17.7.2009 - 5 StR 394/08 - Überhöhte Straßenreinigungsentgelte, 2009 NJW 3173–3177 (2009).

BGH, 20.10.2011 - 4 StR 71/11-BGH: Garantenstellung des Geschäftsherrn; Betriebsbezogenheit einer Straftat, 2012 NJW 157–160 (2011).

BGH, 21.12.2005 - 3 StR 470/04 -, BGHSt 50, 331-346 Mannesmann/Vodafone, NStZ 2006, 214.

BGH, 26.04.2006 - 2 StR 515/05 - Verurteilung eines Landrats wegen Untreue, NStZ-RR 307 (2006).

BGH, 29.8.2008 - 2 StR 587/07 - Siemens Case, Bildung verdeckter Kassen als Untreue, NStZ 95–100 (2008).

BGH, 31.1.2002 - 4 StR 289/01 - Wuppertaler Schwebebahn, NJW 1887–1889 (2002).

BVerfG, 23.6.2010 - 2 BvR 2559/08 - Verfassungsrechtliche Anforderungen an den strafrechtlichen Untreuetatbestand, 1143–1156 (2010).

KG, 27.9.2004 - 2 U 191/02 - Formale Anforderungen an fristlose Kündigung des Bankvorstands, 1165–1168 (2004).

LAG Hamm, 15. 7. 2014, 12. 2. 2014 - 7 Sa 94/14 ArbG, 3 Ca 176/13 - Abteilung der Konzernobergesellschaft, 2015 CCZ 94–96 (2014).

LAG Rheinland-Pfalz, 26.02.2016 - Aktenzeichen 1 Sa 358/15, 2016 FD-ArbR 378175 (Ls.) (2016).

LArbG Hamm, 15.07.2014 - 7 Sa 94/14, (2014).

←26 |
 27→

LG Berlin, 3.7.2002 - 2 O 358/01 - Zulässige fristlose Kündigung eines Bankvorstands bei mangelhaftem Risikomanagement, 969–972 (2002).

LG Frankfurt a. M., 22.4.2015 - 5/12 Qs 1/15 - Angestellter oder Beauftragter, 2015 NStZ-RR 215–216 (2015).

LG München I, 04.10.2007 - 5 Kls 563 Js EGMR Aktenzeichen 45994/07, 2008 Beck RS 1235 (2007).

LG München I, 5.4.2007 - 5 HK O 15964/06 - Hohes Anfechtungsrisiko für Entlastungsbeschlüsse bei fehlender Doku-mentation, NZG 2008, 319 70–73 (2007).

LG München I, 10.12.2013 - 5 HK O 1387/10 - Pflichten des Vorstands einer AG, 2014 NZG 345–349 (2013).

OLG Celle, 15.3.2000 - 9 U 209/99 - GF bei nicht (wirksam) entrichteter Stammeinlage, NZG 1178–1179 (2000).

OLG Celle, 28.5.2008 - 9 U 184/07 - Pflichtverletzung des Vorstandes wegen unvertretbarem Risiko, NZG 2008, 669 (2008).

OLG Hamm, 16.07.2003 - 4 Ss (OWi) 373/03 - wistra 2003, 469 – Organisations-verschulden des Betriebsinhabers, 469 (2003).

OLG München, 23.1.2008 - 7 U 3668/07 - Folgen der Nichtabgabe einer Entsprechens-erklärung nach § 161 AktG, 2008 NZG 337–339 (2008).

OLG Stuttgart, 7.9.1976 - 3 Ss 526/76 - Überwachungspflicht des Betriebsinhabers, 1977 NJW 1410 (1976).

Table of Statutes

Aktiengesetz (AktG) | German Stock Corporation Act, BGBI. I, 1089 (1965).

Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (AGG) | General Act on Equal Treatment, BGBI. I p. 1897, 1910 (2006).

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 USC § 12101 Pub. L. 114-38 (1990).

An Act to establish the Judicial Courts of the United States, Judiciary Act of 1789 (1789).

Arbeitsgerichtsgesetz (ArbGG) | Labor Court Act, BGB I, 1267 (1953).

Arbeitsschutzgesetz (ArbSchG) | Act on the Implementation of Measures of Occupational Safety and Health to Encourage Improvements in the Safety and Health Protection of Workers at Work, BGBl. I, p. 1246 (1996).

Arbeitszeitgesetz (ArbZG) | Working Time Act, BGBI. I p. 1170, 1171 (1994).

Banking Act 1987 (repealed), c. 22 (1987).

Banking Act of 1933, Pub.L. 73–66 48 Stat. 162 (1933).

Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, Pub. Law 91-508, 31 USC § 1051 84 Stat. 1114-2 (1970).

Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (GG), Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949).

Berufsbildungsgesetz (BBiG) | Vocational Training Act, BGBI. I, p. 1112 last amended August 2015 p. 1474, 1538 (1969).

Bundesdatenschutzgesetz | Federal Data Protection Act (BDSG), BGBI. I, 201 (1978).

Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz (BImSchG) | Federal Immission Control Act, BGBI. I, p. 721 (1974).

Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) | German Civil Code, German Civil Code (1896) Aug. 18. 1896; last amended by Article 4 para. 5 of the Act of 1 October 2013, BGBI. I p. 3719 (1900).

California Corporation Code (CORP), Cal. Corp. Code (1947).

Civil Rights Act 1964 (CRA), Pub. L. 114-38, 42 USC §§ 2000e–17 78 Stat. 253 (1964).

Clean Air Act (1963), Pub. Law 88-206, 42 USC 77 Stat. 392 (1963).

Clean Water Act (1972), Pub. Law 92-500, 33 USC §§ 1251–1387 86 Stat. 816 (1972).

Code Napoléon, Code Civil (France) Code civil des Français (1804).

Commission Directive 2006/73/EC, ABI. 2006 L 241/26 (2006).

Companies Act 1862, 25 & 26 Vict. c. 89 (1862).

Companies Act 1948, c. 38 (1948).

Companies Act 1985, c. 6 (1985).

Companies Act 1989, c. 40 (1989).

Companies Act 2006, Companies Act 2006 c. 46 (2006).

Companies (Audit, Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004, c. 27 (2004).

←29 | 30→

Companies (Consolidation) Act 1908, c. 69 (1908).

Company Directors’ Disqualifi-cation Act 1986, c. 46 (1986).

Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, OJ EC No. C 115 (2009).

Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, C326/01-C326/407 (2012).

Consumer Protection Act 1987, c. 43 (1987).

Council Directive 89/654/EEC of 30 November 1989 concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace (first individual directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC), L393/1-393/12 (1989).

Council Directive 91/533/EEC of 14 October 1991 on an employer’s obligation to inform employees of the conditions applicable to the contract or employment relationship, L 288/32 (1991).

Council Directive 93/22/EEC of 10 May 1993 on investment services in the securities field, L 141, 0027-0046 (1993).

Crime and Courts Act 2013, c. 22 (2013).

Criminal Justice Act 1987, c. 38 (1987).

Criminal Justice Act 1993, c. 36 (1993).

Delaware Code, Del. Code Ann.

Deutsches Richtergesetz (DRiG) | The German Judiciary Act BGBI. I, p. 1665 (1962).

Directive 2000/31/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL- E-commerce - standard EU rules, 32000L0031 (2000).

Directive 2002/14/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2002 establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the European Community - Joint declaration of the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission on employee representation, L080/29-080/34 (2002).

Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance under-takings and investment firms, L 035, 0001-0027; (2003).

Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time, OJ L 299, pp. 9–19 (2003).

Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on markets in financial instruments amending Council Directives 85/611/EEC and 93/6/EEC and Directive 2000/12/EC (MIFID 2004), 32004L0039 L 241/1 (2006).

Directive 2006/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 amending Council Directives 78/660/EEC on the annual accounts of certain types of companies, 83/349/EEC on consolidated accounts, 86/635/EEC on the annual accounts and consolidated accounts ←30 | 31→of banks and other financial institutions and 91/674/EEC on the annual accounts and consolidated accounts of insurance undertakings, OJ L 224 (2006).

Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast), OJ L 204 23–36 (2006).

Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on Alternative Investment Fund Managers and amending Directives 2003/41/EC and 2009/65/EC and Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009 and (EU) No 1095/201, OJ L 174 p. 1 (2011).

Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (CRD IV Directive), ABI. 2013 L 176/338 (2013).

Directive 2014/56/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2006/43/EC on statutory audits of annual accounts and consolidated accounts, L 158/196 (2014).

Directive on Investment Services 93/22/EEC, OJ 141 of 11.6.1993 (1993).

Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010), Pub. L. 111–203, § 929-Z, 15 USC § 78o 124 Stat. 1376, 1871 (2010).

Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), Pub. L. 114-38, 29 USC §§ 1001-1461 U.S.C. 88 Stat. 829 (1974).

Employment Act 2008, c. 28 (2009).

Employment Rights Act 1996, c.18 (1996).

Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013, c.24 (2013).

Equality Act 2010, c. 15 (2010).

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FSLA), Pub. L. 114-38, 29 USC, §§ 201-219 Chapter 8 (1938).

Financial Services Act 1986, Financial Services Act 1986 c. 60 (1986), Repealed (2001).

Financial Services and Markets Act (2000), c. 8 ff (2000).

Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013, c. 33 (2013).

Florida Business Coordination Act, Fla. Stat. Ann. (2015) chap. 606.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1977 (FCPA), Pub. Law 95-213, 15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1 91 Stat. 1494 (1977).

Foreign Corrupt Practices and Domestic and Foreign Investment Improved Disclosure Acts of 1977, (1977).

Fraud Act 2006, c. 35 (2006).

Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz (GVG) | Courts Constitution Act, Judicature Act (RGBl, 41) (1879).

Gesetz betreffend die Gesellschaften mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbHG) | Limited Liability Companies Act, RGBl., 477 (1892).

Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbes-chränkungen (GWB) | Act Against Restraints of Competition, BGBI. I p. 1081 (1958).

←31 | 32→

Gesetz über das Bundes-verfassungsgericht (BVerfGG) | Federal Constitutional Court Act, BGBI. I, p. 243 (1951).

Gesetz über das Kreditwesen (KWG) | German Banking Act, RGBl. I, p. 1203 (1935).

Gesetz über Ordnungswidrigkeiten (OWiG) | Act on Regulatory Offences, BGBI. I, 481 (1968).

Gesetz zur Kontrolle und Transparenz im Unternehmens-bereich (KonTraG) | German Corporate Control and Transparency Act, BGBI. I, 1998, p. 786 (1998).

Gesetz zur Umsetzung der Richtlinie über Märkte für Finanzinstrumente und der Durchführungsrichtlinie der Kommission (Finanzmarkt-Richtlinie-Umsetzungsgesetz - FRUG), BGBI. I p. 1330 (2007).

Gewerbeordnung (GewO) | German Industrial Code, BGBI. I, p. 3412 (2003).

Handelsgesetzbuch (HGB) | German Commercial Code, (1900).

Illinois Business Corporation Act (ILCS), 805 ILCS 5/ (1983).

Insolvency Act 1986, c. 45 (1986).

International Emergency Economic Powers Act | IEEPA, 50 USC §§ 1701-1708 (1977).

Interstate Commerce Act (ICA), 24 Stat. 379 (1887).

Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Pub. L. 112-90, 15 USC § 80b-1-80b-21 (1940).

Investment Company Act of 1940, Pub.L. 76–768, 15 USC §§ 80a-1–80a-64 (1940).

Joint Stock Companies Act 1844, 7 & 8 Vict. c.110 (1844).

Joint Stock Companies Act 1856, 19 & 20 Vict. c. 47 (1856).

Kündigungsschutzgesetz (KSchG) | Protection Against Unfair Dismissal Act, § 1 Kündigungsschutzgesetz BGBI. I, p. 499 (1951).

Limited Liability Act 1855, 18 & 19 Vict., c. 133 (1855).

Montana Code An., Montana Wrongful Discharge from Employment Act (1987).

Nachweisgesetz (NachwG) | Law of Proof of Substantial Conditions Applicable to the Employment Relationship, BGBI. I, p. 946 (1995).

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), Pub. L. 49 Stat. 449, 29 USC §§ 151-169 ch. 372 (1935).

National Minimum Wage Act 1998, c. 39 (1998).

New York Business Corporation Law, N.Y. Bus. Corp. Law (1890).

Preußische Gewerbeordnung (PrGwO), (1845).

Prevention of Corruption Act 1906, 6 Edw.7 c.34 (1906).

Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, c. 23 (1985).

Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, c.23 (1998).

Regulation Concretizing the Organizational Obligations of Investment Services Enterprises pursuant to Section 33 of the Securities Trading Act (WpHG) of October 25, 1999 | Federal Gazette No. 2010 of November 6, 1999, 18453 (1999).

←32 |
 33→

Regulation (EU) No 537/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on specific requirements regarding statutory audit of public-interest entities and repealing Commission Decision 2005/909/EC, L 158/77 (2014).

Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, OJ L 176, 2013, 1, L 321/6 (2013).

Rules Enabling Act (REA), 28 USC § 2071-2077 466 (1938).

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, H.R. 3763 Public Law 107-204, 15 USC, 18 USC 116 Stat. 745 (2002).

Securities Act of 1933, Pub. L. 73-22, 15 USC § 77a 48 Stat. 74 (1933).

Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Pub.L. 73–291, 15 USC § 78a 48 Stat. 881 (1934).

Sentencing Reform Act (1984), Pub. L. No. 98-473, 18 USC § 3551 98 Stat. 1987 (1984).

Sherman Antitrust Act, 15 USC §§ 1–7 26 Stat. 209 (1890).

Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015, c. 26 (2015).

Strafgesetzbuch (StGB) | German Criminal Code, BGBI. I, p. 3322 (1998).

Strafprozessordnung (StPO) | German German Code of Criminal Procedure, (RGBl. p. 253) (1879).

Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1891 (repealed).

Supreme Court Rules 2009, (2009).

The Bubble Act of 1720, 6 Geo, I. c. 18 (1720).

Theft Act 1968, c. 60, (1698).

The Working Time Regulations 1998, No. 1833 (1998).

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), (1952).

United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010, 2010 c. 23 Bribery Act 2010 (2010).

United States Code (USC), United States Code (1926).

United States Sentencing Commission (USSC), Pub. L. 114-38, 28 USC, §§ 991-998 (1991).

US Const., The Constitution of the United States of America (1787).

Verbandsverantwortlichkeits-gesetz (VbVG) | Austrian Statute on Responsibility of Legal Entities, BGBI. I, Nr. 151/2005 (2006).

Details

Pages
558
Year
2020
ISBN (PDF)
9783631798676
ISBN (ePUB)
9783631798683
ISBN (MOBI)
9783631798690
ISBN (Hardcover)
9783631798218
DOI
10.3726/b16011
Language
English
Publication date
2020 (January)
Keywords
Legal Comparison Common Law Civil Law Company Law Bribery Law Employment Law
Published
Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2020. 558 pp., 18 fig. b/w, 21 tables.

Biographical notes

Katrin Kanzenbach (Author)

Katrin Kanzenbach is a professor of law and human resource management at the University of the German Social Accident Insurance (HGU), University of Applied Sciences. Her research area also comprises compliance.

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Title: The Model of the Corporate Compliance Officer
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