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Yoruba Idealism

by Yemi Ogunyemi (Author)
©2022 Monographs XXII, 196 Pages
Series: Africa in the Global Space, Volume 5

Summary

Yoruba Idealism questions, debates, and redefines the assumed epistemology in Yoruba idealism. It is a work in two parts. The first is built around a study of divinity–philosopher Orunmila, the mentalist, the father of Yoruba idealism, and the cultivator of Ifa–Ife Divination. This project, the first of its kind, sheds new light on the nature of Yoruba culture. The author’s central argument is that the Yoruba people are idealists by nature. Combining indigenous knowledge with the wisdom of Orunmila, the author defines Yoruba idealism as the ideal purpose of life, the search for the meaning of life, and the yearning for the best in life.
The second part, The Mystic Land: Path to Initiation and Idealism, features Kinedi, a fifteen-year-old boy from Las Palmetto, the capital of Zala, who journeys to the Altar of Light and Idealism in order to be initiated, gain knowledge, and comprehend the value of idealism, in addition to obtaining the key of life.
This book is the first of its kind and is an important new addition to the series Africa in the Global Space.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • About the author
  • About the book
  • This eBook can be cited
  • By the Same Author
  • The Quintessence of Yoruba Idealism
  • Contemporary and Non-contemporary Quotations
  • Author’s Lodestar and Abridged Memoir (The Calm Strength of Literary Philosophy)
  • Table of Contents
  • Preface
  • Introduction
  • Book One Yoruba Idealism
  • Chapter One The Utility of Yoruba Idealism in Academia
  • Chapter Two Father of Yoruba Idealism
  • Chapter Three Spiritual and Material Idealism
  • Chapter Four What Idealism Means to the Yoruba People?
  • Chapter Five Orunmila’s Teachings of Idealism
  • Chapter Six Olawa Duru, the Idealist
  • Chapter Seven The Body of Knowledge
  • Chapter Eight The Idealism of Yoruba Language
  • Chapter Nine Idealized and Critical Reflections
  • Chapter Ten Benefits of Knowledge
  • Chapter Eleven Progress—1
  • Chapter Twelve Progress—2
  • Chapter Thirteen Yoruba Idealists in Diaspora
  • Chapter Fourteen The Humanistic Movement
  • Chapter Fifteen From Idealism to Realism—1
  • Chapter Sixteen From Idealism to Realism—2
  • Book Two The Mystic Land: Path to Initiation and Idealism
  • Chapter Seventeen Preparation for the Journey
  • Chapter Eighteen Kinedi Boat-Wrecked but Rescued
  • Chapter Nineteen Kinedi Met with Queen Masalarus
  • Chapter Twenty The Capture and Imprisonment of Kinedi
  • Chapter Twenty-One Kinedi Chanced upon Three Male Farmers
  • Chapter Twenty-Two Kinedi Entered the Altar of Light and Idealism
  • Chapter Twenty-Three Kinedi Presented with Kilili Key
  • Chapter Twenty-Four Kinedi’s Sweet Home-Coming
  • Chapter Twenty-Five Kinedi Entertained the Cowry Queen with a Paean
  • Chapter Twenty-Six Bidding the Palace Farewell
  • Chapter Twenty-Seven Kinedi’s Heroic Reception
  • Chapter Twenty-Eight Kinedi Became the President of the Youth Club
  • Conclusion: The Aesthetic of Idealism and Realism
  • Appendix: The Twelve Most Prominent Yoruba Divinity-Philosophers and Proto-History Divinity-Philosophers
  • Glossary/Legend
  • Bibliography
  • Name Index
  • Subject Index

Preface

Research Locations: Yoruba Idealism (in conjunction with The Mystic Land: Path to Initiation and Idealism) is the upshot of five research projects, carried out at HU—Harvard University, BU—Boston University, NU—Northeastern University and UMASS—University of Massachusetts, Boston, between 1994 and 2008. The first research project is Introduction to Yoruba Philosophy, Religion and Literature, published in 1998. The second research project is Literatures of the African Diaspora, published in 2004. The third research project is The Literary/Political Philosophy of Wole Soyinka, published in 2009. The fourth research project is The Oral Traditions in Ile-Ife, published in 2010. Yoruba Idealism, the fifth research project, is the next, the author’s full cup of contentment.

The project sets out to provide the humanistic and contemporary evidences and values that will justify and qualify Yoruba Idealism worthy of recognition in academia, understanding the fact that the shred-like barrier to indigenous knowledge has been broken. The torn-to-shreds barrier has long been put under the glass paperweight of our circumspect researchers, academics and custodians of knowledge that is unique to a given culture. The book challenges the dominance of Euro-centric knowledge, especially in Africa. Each chapter stimulates our minds to reflect upon the need to include the indigenous knowledge into our college curricula.←xix | xx→

Logically buoyant and enthusiastically immersed in the calm strength of contentment, the first thing the author was contemplating to be his companion when he started ruminating upon Yoruba Idealism, Asedun Yoruba (my translation), many years ago, is a permanent and an ideal happiness, permanent nil a transient one. On finding his ideal happiness, he discovers that he was on the defensive as some of his friends said that Yoruba land and Divinity-Philosopher Orunmila and his noble consanguinities are so remote in antiquity that to think that they were versed in idealism would be too mythical. One of them came to the author’s study and on tossing himself negligently on the sofa crooned that the author’s uncommon research project was impressive but too bold and too ambitious. (For his friendly gesture in spoken and unspoken words, he let him comprehend that by simply flaying innovative ideas instead of being a precept is a relic of redundancy and complacency.)

Determined not to ignore his research project (or to oppose reason according to Steven Pinker) but to appreciate his organic and ideal happiness, he set out and formed an alliance with the brown study that opens his mind to capital ideas from the Book of Knowledge,as contained in Chapter Seven. During his brown study, he was emboldened by Annalisa Quinn’s words of support for Zadie Smith’s Swing Time (2016), which go thusly…“be proud of your heritage but don’t be defined by it.” Annalisa Quinn’s words were a spark in the nick of time. He was tempted to entertain the feeling of flaunting the success of his happiness. (Annalisa was short of saying she is proud of the Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) to which Yoruba Idealism belongs, under the pioneering ingenuity of Orunmila.)

Sooner than later, the author convinced his friends that his research is an ongoing global discussion about IKS, supported by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO’s) Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (LINKS) which is making every effort for its inclusion in global climate and policy process, adding that LINKS is ensuring that the local and indigenous knowledge are included in contemporary education in order to understand our diverse humanity. As he set his wits to his project, he lets them understand that they should not take the wisdom and the knowledge of Divinity-Philosopher Orunmila for triviality.

Moreover, if nothing has descended from the abstract theory of epistemology, if nothing digitigrades from sublime to ridiculous, what is unknown that must be known, is worth knowing, if only for the heart that wills.

The foundation of the foregoing is based on three degrees of possessions—high, higher and highest; positive, comparative and superlative. The positive possession commenced with the author’s heuristic education under his mentor, Tai Bola (1898–1989). He was a diviner, a folk philosopher and subscriber to the ←xx | xxi→Indigenous Knowledge of the Yoruba people. This was in the 1960s when the Atlantic Yoruba was in the process of turning its back on the autochthonous Ifa-Ife Divination of the long line of its pedigrees/ancestors.

The comparative possession began after the author’s years of innocence and the period when he started to reminisce upon what folk philosopher Tai Bola (1898–1989) put him through. The comparative possession ultimately gave birth to The Birth of a Child in a Fishing Boat, his memoir, published in 2016.

The superlative possession commenced when he began to put spotlight on the twelve most influential divinity-philosophers who had contributed largely to the development of Yoruba land and have shaped the cultural history of the Yoruba people. At that point of the author’s research, his focus was on Divinity-Philosopher Orunmila, the humanist and cultivator of Yoruba idealism and the bequeather of Ifa-Ife Divination, the Body of Knowledge or the Book of Enlightenment, or the Miracle Book of Knowledge, as referenced and revealed in The Oral Traditions in Ile-Ife, published in 2010.

Divinity-philosopher Orunmila, apart from being the trail-blazer, the cultivator or the father of Yoruba idealism, could also be referred to as a linguist, an epistemologist and even a ventriloquist. But we might want to put those three departments or areas of knowledge properly rather than conveniently under our speculative philosophy, even if we know that he was a personage with exceptional propensities that made Yoruba land rise and become a nation driven by idealism cum naturalistic art movement. Due to his compassion and moral integrity, quid pro quo becomes an essential value of the Yoruba behavioral attitude.

This is a twenty-first-century new voice of approbation, and it is calling upon other downright, promising and dynamic voices to enter the book and the age of idealism and cultural spheres of Yoruba land, for it is the idealism, copulated with the folk philosophy, that has defined the humble beginning of the Yoruba people, liaising it with their autochthonous religion, while realism has defined the quintessence of their social behaviors.

Divinity-Philosopher Orunmila’s Domicile in Yoruba Land

Where in Yoruba land did Orunmila live during his memorable days? From a house of probity, Orunmila’s home during his lifetime is the holy city of Ile-Ife. He was born (in a low ceilinged bungalow) at a time when Yoruba classical and devotional music was highly spiritual/solemn, and speaking to an ideal existence, capable of ending human suffering. Situated almost in the middle of Yoruba land, and about 218 kilometers to the ←xxi | xxii→cathedral and commercial capital of Lagos, Ile-Ife is the first settlement of the Yoruba people. It can also claim to be the primary and the largest ancient town until it is being surpassed in population by other towns in recent history. With over 500,000 people, the holy city of Ile-Ife is today one of the fifteen most populous cities in Yoruba land.

Noted for its nonpareil terracotta, Ile-Ife commands the aural feeling of artistry in every corner you turn. And every family you visit can prove its knowledge of artistry. Here you behold the spectacular panorama of pre-dynastic and dynastic artworks that can connect you with your ancestors or pedigrees.

Here everything is carried out in the name of standing ceremony. Here there is no room for bag-eyed behaviors, as the codes of morality are so high and precious. This is Ile-Ife, the Gnostic, the mystic holy city where humanist, Divinity-Philosopher Orunmila, given to empathy, milk of human kindness and a keen Ayo player, had made his mark as the custodian of Ifa-Ife Divination and the father of Yoruba idealism.

We are almost tempted to emphasize that Orunmila’s responsibilities, samskara, wisdom and brainpower were second to none. But we halt the temptation from tempting us, because we are cognizant of the fact that whenever there is emphasis, there is subordination. Also, we recognize the fact that to emphasize everything, is to emphasize nothing whatever might be our predilection. Therefore, we will let this conspectus exhale and inhale without an emphasis.

A savant, upright, prophetic, painstaking visionary of the world, worldly, his every now and then logical caveat which he invariably versified at the end of his speeches is that it is not enough to preserve what we have divined and created; we must also find means to divine and create things we do not have.

For that once, a conscious feeling of determination and success lets us know that the author should pursue his capital idea and let the Providence guide him as reason guides the human soul or the faculty/head.

Details

Pages
XXII, 196
Year
2022
ISBN (PDF)
9781433190001
ISBN (ePUB)
9781433190018
ISBN (MOBI)
9781433190025
ISBN (Hardcover)
9781433189753
DOI
10.3726/b18721
Language
English
Publication date
2022 (March)
Keywords
Yoruba Culture Philosophy Orunmila Divinities Ancestors Ile-Ife Olodumare Idealism Myths Indigenous Knowledge Yoruba Idealism Yemi D. Ogunyemi Father of Yoruba Idealism
Published
New York, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Oxford, Wien, 2022. XXII, 196 pp., 2 b/w ill.

Biographical notes

Yemi Ogunyemi (Author)

Yemi D. Ogunyemi (PhD, Harvard University; D Litt, Debrecen University) is a literary philosopher and author of 50 books. His recent publications include Yoruba Philosophy and the Seeds of Enlightenment and The Aesthetic and Moral Art of Wole Soyinka. He is a former research fellow at Harvard, and he was the recipient of the 2021 Nonfiction Fellowship Award of the Writers’ Room of Boston.

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