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«Die Welt war meine Gemeinde»- Willem A. Visser ’t Hooft
A Theologian for Europe between Ecumenism and Federalism
Series:
Edited By Filippo Maria Giordano and Stefano Dell'Acqua
Willem A. Visser ’t Hooft (1900–1985), Dutch pastor and theologian, was one of the most significant personalities in the Protestant Ecumenical movement. Deeply influenced by Karl Barth, and filled with a strong Ecumenical spirit, he was closely involved in the founding of the World Council of Churches, of which he was elected General Secretary. During the Second World War, many Protestants became convinced of the need for an international political system which, beside uniting the nations and peoples of Europe, would guarantee them fundamental freedoms and mutual respect for their historical, cultural and confessional traditions.
The directors of the WWC were strongly committed to federalism, partly because of the political traditions of the states from which their member churches originated (Switzerland; Great Britain and its Commonwealth; the United States), and partly because of their conviction that a simple confederation of states, based on the model of the League of Nations, would be completely incapable of containing national ambitions. In spring 1944, Visser ’t Hooft welcomed into his Geneva home the representatives of the European Resistance, who, under the leadership of Altiero Spinelli and Ernesto Rossi, signed the International Federalist Declaration of the Resistance Movements. These historic transnational encounters, aimed not only at coordinating military action or seeking diplomatic contacts but at exploring ways to «build» peace and re-establish the future of the Continent on new foundations, marked a profound break with the past.
The directors of the WWC were strongly committed to federalism, partly because of the political traditions of the states from which their member churches originated (Switzerland; Great Britain and its Commonwealth; the United States), and partly because of their conviction that a simple confederation of states, based on the model of the League of Nations, would be completely incapable of containing national ambitions. In spring 1944, Visser ’t Hooft welcomed into his Geneva home the representatives of the European Resistance, who, under the leadership of Altiero Spinelli and Ernesto Rossi, signed the International Federalist Declaration of the Resistance Movements. These historic transnational encounters, aimed not only at coordinating military action or seeking diplomatic contacts but at exploring ways to «build» peace and re-establish the future of the Continent on new foundations, marked a profound break with the past.
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Critique de la souveraineté nationale et fédéralisme communicatif
Introduction
Extract
De la crise de la démocratie à une Europe fédérale possible
Corrado MALANDRINO
Cette contribution s’appuie sur le thème de la crise de l’État-nation, entendue comme une crise de la forme dominante de souveraineté de l’État à l’époque moderne, fondée sur la doctrine de la souveraineté unique, absolue, exclusive et indivisible propre au type d’État westphalien qui s’est consolidé entre le XVIIIe et le XIXe et s’est renforcé en un État dictatorial et totalitaire au XXe siècle. Dans ce contexte, la pensée fédéraliste a élaboré une sorte de paradigme théorique de critique à l’unicité et au caractère absolu de la souveraineté de ces formes d’État1, selon laquelle une double attaque a été portée contre la faculté de l’État souverain à déterminer autocratiquement les rapports envers ses semblables sur le plan international, en posant en retour le problème d’un pacte fédéral supranational ; à établir à partir du centre l’organisation intérieure, en posant inversement le problème d’un pacte de cohabitation avec les communautés territoriales sur le plan d’une décentralisation autonomiste radicale, susceptible de définir fédéralement les rapports entre centre et périphérie.
En ce qui concerne le plan supranational, la critique fédéraliste européenne a décrit le processus tendant à l’instauration de la paix et de l’intégration entre les nations à travers la création de l’unité politique...
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