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«Die Welt war meine Gemeinde»- Willem A. Visser ’t Hooft
A Theologian for Europe between Ecumenism and Federalism
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Edited By Filippo Maria Giordano and Stefano Dell'Acqua
Willem A. Visser ’t Hooft (1900–1985), Dutch pastor and theologian, was one of the most significant personalities in the Protestant Ecumenical movement. Deeply influenced by Karl Barth, and filled with a strong Ecumenical spirit, he was closely involved in the founding of the World Council of Churches, of which he was elected General Secretary. During the Second World War, many Protestants became convinced of the need for an international political system which, beside uniting the nations and peoples of Europe, would guarantee them fundamental freedoms and mutual respect for their historical, cultural and confessional traditions.
The directors of the WWC were strongly committed to federalism, partly because of the political traditions of the states from which their member churches originated (Switzerland; Great Britain and its Commonwealth; the United States), and partly because of their conviction that a simple confederation of states, based on the model of the League of Nations, would be completely incapable of containing national ambitions. In spring 1944, Visser ’t Hooft welcomed into his Geneva home the representatives of the European Resistance, who, under the leadership of Altiero Spinelli and Ernesto Rossi, signed the International Federalist Declaration of the Resistance Movements. These historic transnational encounters, aimed not only at coordinating military action or seeking diplomatic contacts but at exploring ways to «build» peace and re-establish the future of the Continent on new foundations, marked a profound break with the past.
The directors of the WWC were strongly committed to federalism, partly because of the political traditions of the states from which their member churches originated (Switzerland; Great Britain and its Commonwealth; the United States), and partly because of their conviction that a simple confederation of states, based on the model of the League of Nations, would be completely incapable of containing national ambitions. In spring 1944, Visser ’t Hooft welcomed into his Geneva home the representatives of the European Resistance, who, under the leadership of Altiero Spinelli and Ernesto Rossi, signed the International Federalist Declaration of the Resistance Movements. These historic transnational encounters, aimed not only at coordinating military action or seeking diplomatic contacts but at exploring ways to «build» peace and re-establish the future of the Continent on new foundations, marked a profound break with the past.
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La Contribution des vaudois au fédéralisme européen
Antifascisme, Résistance et fédéralisme européen chez les jeunes barthiens italiens
Extract
Les « Journées théologiques » 1945
Filippo MARIA GIORDANO
Les études précédentes ont plusieurs fois démontré la force de l’engagement et de l’action des protestants italiens en faveur d’une idée d’unité européenne, cependant nous n’avons pas encore été en mesure de bien saisir la contribution qu’ils ont apportée au Mouvement fédéraliste européen (MFE) pendant la Résistance et lors du lancement du processus d’intégration européenne dans l’après-guerre et au début des années 1950. En conséquence, cet essai entend d’une part présenter le cadre de l’engagement fédéraliste des Vaudois et, de l’autre, porter l’attention sur une expérience singulière des protestants italiens, où ont convergé plus clairement qu’ailleurs l’idéal œcuménique et l’orientation politique fédéraliste, à savoir celle des « journées théologiques » de 1945. Cette expérience, qui s’est aussi avérée être une contribution idéologique importante aux fins de l’identification d’une théorie politique conforme à la pensée protestante contemporaine – lancée dans un climat propice au dialogue inter-religieux en faveur de la paix et de l’ordre international après la Seconde Guerre mondiale –, peut être considérée comme l’expression et le fruit d’une vision réaliste qui s’est affirmée dans le monde chrétien après la guerre et dans les aberrations du nationalisme et du totalitarisme1. Une orientation similaire, issue en partie de l’influence exercée...
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