From «Pax Ottomanica» to «Pax Europaea»
The growth and decline of a Greek village’s micro-economy
Series:
Dimitrios Konstadakopulos
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- 978-3-0353-9859-5
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- Oxford, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Frankfurt am Main, New York, Wien, 2014. 359 pp., 9 b/w ill., 6 tables
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the author
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Preword
- Introduction
- Objectives
- The structure of the book
- Part I: The First Half of the Twentieth Century
- Chapter 1: The Physical Environment and its Impact on the History of Tsamantas
- 1.1 In the shadow of Mount Mourgana
- 1.1.1 Topography, climate and the natural environment
- 1.1.2 The built environment
- 1.2 Ancient ambiguities: the land of the Atintanes?
- 1.3 Perceptions, identity, and attachment to place
- 1.3.1 A place of refuge
- 1.3.2 Factors affecting attachment to place
- Chapter 2: Tradition and Culture of Tsamantas through the Eyes of Nikolaos Nitsos
- 2.1 Nitsos’s background
- 2.2 The academic study of Greek folklore, and its influence on Nitsos
- 2.3 The organisation of the monograph: structure and taxonomy
- 2.4 The natural environment, the history of Tsamantas, and local toponyms
- 2.5 Local customs
- 2.6 The local dialect and the debate about linguistic purity
- 2.7 Songs and dances
- 2.8 Fairy tales and proverbs
- 2.9 Conclusion
- Chapter 3: The Social and Cultural Environment: Foundations for the Village’s Success?
- 3.1 Traditional values
- 3.2 The influence of the Orthodox Church
- 3.3 Gender roles and marriage
- 3.4 The education system
- 3.5 The legal and administrative systems and local politics
- 3.6 Conclusion
- Chapter 4: The Economy of Tsamantas during the First Half of the Twentieth Century
- 4.1 The final years of Pax Ottomanica
- 4.1.1 The economy of Tsamantas
- 4.1.2 Local specialisation: the growth and decline of the tinkers
- 4.2 After independence: contrasting fortunes up to the start of World War II
- 4.3 Conclusion
- Chapter 5: The First Waves of Emigration
- 5.1 The industrial city of Worcester and its immigrant communities
- 5.2 Creation of the database of migrants
- 5.3 The establishment of chain migration from Tsamantas to Worcester
- 5.4 From Ottoman Europe to New England: the transatlantic journey
- 5.5 The economic, social and spiritual life of the Tsamantas immigrants in Worcester
- 5.6 The start of emigration to Australia
- 5.7 Conclusion
- Chapter 6: The Delimitation of the Greek–Albanian Border, and its Impact on Tsamantas
- 6.1 The 1913 international boundary commission
- 6.2 The first boundary commission’s visit to Tsamantas
- 6.3 The second and third international boundary commissions (1922–1924)
- 6.4 The emergence of nationalism
- Chapter 7: The Years of War (1940–1949)
- 7.1 The Second World War
- 7.1.1 The Axis invasion and occupation
- 7.1.2 Economic consequences of the occupation
- 7.1.3 The national resistance
- 7.1.4 The Easter of sorrow: German raids on villages in the Mourgana area
- 7.1.5 The summer of despair
- 7.1.6 The expulsion of the Chams
- 7.1.7 The aftermath of liberation
- 7.2 The civil war
- 7.2.1 The battle for Mount Mourgana
- 7.3 Conclusion
- Part II: The Post Civil War Era
- Chapter 8: Tsamantas from 1950 to 1981: Causes and Effects of Decline
- 8.1 After the civil war in Tsamantas: poverty, disunity and transformation
- 8.1.1 Social change in Tsamantas and its consequences
- 8.1.2 Local administration and national politics
- 8.2 The seven years of military dictatorship (1967–1974)
- 8.3 New waves of migration
- 8.3.1 Emigration to West Germany
- 8.4 The early years of true democracy (1974–1981)
- 8.5 Conclusion
- Chapter 9: Pax Europaea: Life within the European Union
- 9.1 Greek politics from 1981 to the present day
- 9.2 The effect of EU membership on Tsamantas and its region
- 9.3 The opening of the Greek–Albanian border
- 9.3.1 The borderland: still a place of ambiguous identity
- 9.3.2 The current situation in the border area
- 9.4 Life in Tsamantas today
- 9.5 Some reflections and concluding comments
- Bibliography
- Index
- Series index
Chapter 5: The First Waves of Emigration
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← 127 | 128 → CHAPTER 5
The First Waves of Emigration
During the early part of the twentieth century, numerous young men from the Ottoman region of Epirus – along with many of their counterparts elsewhere in Mediterranean Europe – were swept up by the growing trend of emigrating to the United States of America. Although there are no statistics on emigration from Epirus at this time, the figures are likely to have been significant, given that approximately 170,000 individuals in neighbouring Greece – representing one tenth of the country’s population – left their homes and journeyed across the Atlantic (Kitroeff, 2004: 346; Voultsos, 1992: 8). What we know for certain is that the destination of the vast majority of Epirot emigrants was the industrialised north-east of the States. Many of them originated from Tsamantas and its sister villages on Mount Mourgana; most of the rest came from other remote communities in the Pindus mountains. Large-scale migration was not a new phenomenon within these communities: the men of Tsamantas, for instance, had sometimes been obliged by lack of work to move to the major commercial centres of Epirus and the rest of the Ottoman Empire, as well as those of Greece and other countries around the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. But by the early 1900s the population of Tsamantas had increased to such an extent that a significant number of men were unable to find work in the fields and pastures, and as the wider region of Epirus lacked the...
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Or login to access all content.- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the author
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Preword
- Introduction
- Objectives
- The structure of the book
- Part I: The First Half of the Twentieth Century
- Chapter 1: The Physical Environment and its Impact on the History of Tsamantas
- 1.1 In the shadow of Mount Mourgana
- 1.1.1 Topography, climate and the natural environment
- 1.1.2 The built environment
- 1.2 Ancient ambiguities: the land of the Atintanes?
- 1.3 Perceptions, identity, and attachment to place
- 1.3.1 A place of refuge
- 1.3.2 Factors affecting attachment to place
- Chapter 2: Tradition and Culture of Tsamantas through the Eyes of Nikolaos Nitsos
- 2.1 Nitsos’s background
- 2.2 The academic study of Greek folklore, and its influence on Nitsos
- 2.3 The organisation of the monograph: structure and taxonomy
- 2.4 The natural environment, the history of Tsamantas, and local toponyms
- 2.5 Local customs
- 2.6 The local dialect and the debate about linguistic purity
- 2.7 Songs and dances
- 2.8 Fairy tales and proverbs
- 2.9 Conclusion
- Chapter 3: The Social and Cultural Environment: Foundations for the Village’s Success?
- 3.1 Traditional values
- 3.2 The influence of the Orthodox Church
- 3.3 Gender roles and marriage
- 3.4 The education system
- 3.5 The legal and administrative systems and local politics
- 3.6 Conclusion
- Chapter 4: The Economy of Tsamantas during the First Half of the Twentieth Century
- 4.1 The final years of Pax Ottomanica
- 4.1.1 The economy of Tsamantas
- 4.1.2 Local specialisation: the growth and decline of the tinkers
- 4.2 After independence: contrasting fortunes up to the start of World War II
- 4.3 Conclusion
- Chapter 5: The First Waves of Emigration
- 5.1 The industrial city of Worcester and its immigrant communities
- 5.2 Creation of the database of migrants
- 5.3 The establishment of chain migration from Tsamantas to Worcester
- 5.4 From Ottoman Europe to New England: the transatlantic journey
- 5.5 The economic, social and spiritual life of the Tsamantas immigrants in Worcester
- 5.6 The start of emigration to Australia
- 5.7 Conclusion
- Chapter 6: The Delimitation of the Greek–Albanian Border, and its Impact on Tsamantas
- 6.1 The 1913 international boundary commission
- 6.2 The first boundary commission’s visit to Tsamantas
- 6.3 The second and third international boundary commissions (1922–1924)
- 6.4 The emergence of nationalism
- Chapter 7: The Years of War (1940–1949)
- 7.1 The Second World War
- 7.1.1 The Axis invasion and occupation
- 7.1.2 Economic consequences of the occupation
- 7.1.3 The national resistance
- 7.1.4 The Easter of sorrow: German raids on villages in the Mourgana area
- 7.1.5 The summer of despair
- 7.1.6 The expulsion of the Chams
- 7.1.7 The aftermath of liberation
- 7.2 The civil war
- 7.2.1 The battle for Mount Mourgana
- 7.3 Conclusion
- Part II: The Post Civil War Era
- Chapter 8: Tsamantas from 1950 to 1981: Causes and Effects of Decline
- 8.1 After the civil war in Tsamantas: poverty, disunity and transformation
- 8.1.1 Social change in Tsamantas and its consequences
- 8.1.2 Local administration and national politics
- 8.2 The seven years of military dictatorship (1967–1974)
- 8.3 New waves of migration
- 8.3.1 Emigration to West Germany
- 8.4 The early years of true democracy (1974–1981)
- 8.5 Conclusion
- Chapter 9: Pax Europaea: Life within the European Union
- 9.1 Greek politics from 1981 to the present day
- 9.2 The effect of EU membership on Tsamantas and its region
- 9.3 The opening of the Greek–Albanian border
- 9.3.1 The borderland: still a place of ambiguous identity
- 9.3.2 The current situation in the border area
- 9.4 Life in Tsamantas today
- 9.5 Some reflections and concluding comments
- Bibliography
- Index
- Series index