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Metaphysics

Selected Problems of Metaphysics and Ontology

by Renáta Kišoňová (Author)
©2016 Monographs 110 Pages
Series: Uni Slovakia, Volume 14

Summary

The presented text offers a basic overview of the terms and topics of the very wide philosophical discipline called metaphysics. The text includes, besides an overview of individual problems, reflections to consider and recommended literature. Readers will become familiar with the basic terms (metaphysics, ontology, existence, being), with the metaphysics of archaic nations, Parmenides’s approach to understand being as The One, the understanding of time and events of the Greeks, the problem of categories according to Aristotle and Kant, the problem of intuition and fundamental ontology.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • About the Author
  • About the Book
  • This eBook can be cited
  • Contents
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Clarification of Terms
  • 2.1. Metaphysics
  • 2.2. Being as a Term
  • 2.3. Ontology
  • 2.4. Existence
  • 3. Metaphysics and Ontology of Archaic Nations
  • 4. Being as The One. Parmenides
  • 5. Time and Events in the Greeks. Pre-Socratic Philosophers and Plato
  • 6. Metaphysics as a Categorical Description
  • 6.1. Aristotelian Categories
  • 6.2. Kant’s Categories
  • 6.3. More Recent Reflections
  • 7. Criticism of Metaphysics
  • 7.1. Metaphysics and Postmodernism
  • 8. Metaphysics as a Way to God
  • 8.1. Negative Theology of Dionysius the Areopagite
  • 8.2. Theocentrism of J.S. Eriugena
  • 8.3. Ontological Proof of God according to Anselm of Canterbury
  • 8.4. Five Ways to God of Thomas Aquinas
  • 9. Problems of the Universals
  • 10. Metaphysics and Problem of Intuition. Henri Bergson
  • 10.1. Duration
  • 10.2. Ontology of the Past
  • 11. Metaphysics and Problem of Being. Martin Heidegger
  • 11.1. The Meaning of Being
  • 11.2. “Phenomenon“ as an Expression
  • 11.3. “Logos” as an Expression
  • 11.4. Phenomenology
  • 11.5. Fundamental Ontology
  • 11.6. Problem of Metaphysics after the “Turn”
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography

1. Introduction

The presented text offers a basic overview of the terms and topics of the very wide philosophical discipline called metaphysics. Questions and the consequent answers, which are connected with metaphysics, are of several kinds and they are extraordinarily well elaborated in the history of philosophy. It is not possible to mention all of them in a text of this kind and it is also not possible to provide a deep analysis of all the individual topics. After all, to cover the metaphysics of Thomas Aquinas would deserve a text the length of this entire text. However, I believe that this text will help students of philosophy and of pedagogy who teach this kind of topic. The text includes, besides the overview of individual problems, reflections to consider and recommended literature. The reader will become familiar with the basic terms (metaphysics, ontology, existence, being), with ← 7 | 8 → the metaphysics of archaic nations because this topic is represented to only a small degree in the themes of classical textbooks of metaphysics and ontology and therefore close attention will be paid to it. Another topic is Parmenides’s approach to understanding of being as The One. This theme smoothly turns into another one: the understanding of time and events of the Greeks. Further, the problem of categories according to Aristotle, Kant, and the modern approaches are dealt with. Then follows the topic concerning the criticism of metaphysics, which was opened by Kant. The reader will be then acquainted with the traditional metaphysical question of the approach to God in the conceptions of Dionysius the Areopagite, J.S. Eriugena, Anselm of Canterbury, and Thomas Aquinas. Two large topics of metaphysics with two important authors follow – Bergson and Heidegger whose approaches differ in many respects but both of them are so significant that we dared to dedicate a deeper analysis to them.

I appreciate the discussions which I have been able to hold with students in the course of my lecturing on the subject Ontology at the Faculty of Arts of Trnava University in Trnava. Several reflections for consideration, which can be found in this book, resulted from discussions during lectures. ← 8 | 9 →

2. Clarification of Terms

Details

Pages
110
Year
2016
ISBN (PDF)
9783653066227
ISBN (ePUB)
9783653959864
ISBN (MOBI)
9783653959857
ISBN (Softcover)
9783631673683
DOI
10.3726/978-3-653-06622-7
Language
English
Publication date
2016 (April)
Keywords
Philosophy Being Categories Intuition Bergson Heidegger
Published
Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2016. 110 pp.

Biographical notes

Renáta Kišoňová (Author)

Renáta Kišoňová studied Philosophy at the University of Trnava. Her research interests include the problems of metaphysics.

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110 pages