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Speaker Involvement in Political Interviews
Jana Kozubíková Šandová
This book offers a pragma-semantic analysis of linguistic means expressing speaker involvement in the genre of political interview. The research is based on an analysis of 40 interviews with British and American politicians. The aim of this work is to confirm or reject the claim that the genre of political interview is detached and impersonal as is typical of any other type of formal interaction. The study also investigates whether female politicians are more indeterminate in their expression than male politicians, and whether the expression of males is matter-of-fact and more precise. The book provides new insights into the genre of political interview and contributes to the study of speaker involvement and means of its expression.
- Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2014. XII, 244 pp., 45 tables, 8 graphs
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- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the Author
- About the Book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Involvement in Interactional Sociolinguistics
- 2.3.1 Basic Hypotheses of Discourse Analysis
- 2.4.1 Contextualization Hypothesis
- 2.4.2 Cohesion Hypothesis
- 2.5 High Involvement vs. Low Involvement
- 2.6 Relationships and Differences between Spoken and Written Discourse
- 2.7 Chafe’s Approach to the Notion of Involvement
- 2.8 Involvement in the Prague School
- 2.9 Linguistic Strategies of Involvement
- 2.10 Conceptual Problems Associated with Involvement
- 2.11 Speaker Involvement in this Study
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Pragmatic Approach to the Language of Politics
- 3.3 Defining “Genre” and “Political Discourse”
- 3.4 Political Interview and Its Features
- 3.5 Conversationalization of Media Discourse
- 3.6 Conclusion
- 4.1 Introduction
- Ad a) illocutionary point
- Ad b) degree of strength of the illocutionary point
- Ad c) mode of achievement
- Ad d) propositional content conditions
- Ad e) preparatory conditions
- Ad f) sincerity conditions
- Ad g) degree of strength of the sincerity conditions
- 4.3 Speech Act Theory
- 4.4 Conclusion
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Extent of the Corpus
- 5.3 Sources of the Data for the Analysis
- 5.4 Politicians Appearing in the Corpus and their Positions
- 5.5 Topics Discussed, Setting and Function of the Interviews
- 5.6 Subject of the Analysis
- 5.7 Conclusion
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Boosting
- 6.3 Hedging
- 6.4 Conclusion
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2.1 Quirk et al.’s Classification of Boosters
- 7.2.2.1 Hearer-oriented Boosters
- Ad a) assurances
- Ad b) agreement/understanding-showing boosters
- Ad ci) attitudinal boosters expressing the degree of certain quality
- Ad cii) attitudinal boosters expressing beliefs
- 7.2.2.3 Discourse-organizing Boosters
- 7.3.1 Frequency of Boosters Classified by their Contribution to Discourse Meaning
- 7.3.2.1 Approaches to “Discourse Markers”
- 7.4.1 Content-oriented Emphasis
- 7.4.2 Subjectivity
- 7.4.3 The Degree of a Certain Quality
- 7.4.4 Assurance
- 7.4.5 Intensification by Repetition
- 7.4.6 Hearer-oriented Emphasis
- 7.4.7 Agreement
- 7.5 Conclusion
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2.1 Quirk et al.’s Classification of Hedges
- Ad a) hedges on illocutionary force
- Ad bi) quality hedges
- Ad bii) quantity hedges
- Ad biii) relevance hedges
- Ad biv) manner hedges
- Ad c) hedges addressed to politeness strategies
- Ad d) prosodic and kinesic hedges
- 8.2.3.1 Speaker-oriented Hedges
- 8.2.3.2 Hearer-oriented Hedges
- 8.2.3.3 Content-oriented Hedges
- 8.3.1 Frequency of Hedges Classified by their Contribution to Discourse Meaning
- 8.3.2 Occurrence of the Most Frequent Hedges
- 8.4.1 Attenuation of the Forthcoming Message
- 8.4.2 Assumption
- 8.4.3 Hearer-oriented Uncertainty
- 8.4.4 Unspecified Reference
- 8.4.5 Hesitation
- 8.4.6 Content-oriented Uncertainty
- 8.4.7 Negative Politeness
- 8.4.8 Detachment
- 8.4.9 Evasiveness
- 8.5 Conclusion
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Mood and Modality
- belief
- induction
- hearsay evidence
- deduction
- 9.4 Subjectivity vs. Objectivity
- 9.5.1 Epistemic Modality
- 9.5.2 Deontic Modality
- 9.5.3 Dynamic Modality
- 9.6 Other Classifications of Modality
- 9.7 Classification of Modality in this Study
- 9.8 Expressions of Modality
- 9.9.1 Epistemic Possibility
- 9.9.2 Deontic Necessity
- 9.9.3 Epistemic Attitudinal Modality
- 9.9.4 Circumstantial Possibility
- 9.9.5 Epistemic Necessity
- 9.9.6 Deontic Possibility
- 9.10 Gender-Specificity and Modality
- 9.11.1 Modally Harmonic and Modally Non-harmonic Combinations
- modal verb + modal adverb
- pragmatic particle + modal adverb
- modal adverb + modal adverb
- modal verb + periphrastic verb
- 9.12 Conclusion
- 10 Conclusions
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- References
- Material Analysed
- List of Boosters
- List of Hedges
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the Author
- About the Book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Involvement in Interactional Sociolinguistics
- 2.3.1 Basic Hypotheses of Discourse Analysis
- 2.4.1 Contextualization Hypothesis
- 2.4.2 Cohesion Hypothesis
- 2.5 High Involvement vs. Low Involvement
- 2.6 Relationships and Differences between Spoken and Written Discourse
- 2.7 Chafe’s Approach to the Notion of Involvement
- 2.8 Involvement in the Prague School
- 2.9 Linguistic Strategies of Involvement
- 2.10 Conceptual Problems Associated with Involvement
- 2.11 Speaker Involvement in this Study
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Pragmatic Approach to the Language of Politics
- 3.3 Defining “Genre” and “Political Discourse”
- 3.4 Political Interview and Its Features
- 3.5 Conversationalization of Media Discourse
- 3.6 Conclusion
- 4.1 Introduction
- Ad a) illocutionary point
- Ad b) degree of strength of the illocutionary point
- Ad c) mode of achievement
- Ad d) propositional content conditions
- Ad e) preparatory conditions
- Ad f) sincerity conditions
- Ad g) degree of strength of the sincerity conditions
- 4.3 Speech Act Theory
- 4.4 Conclusion
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Extent of the Corpus
- 5.3 Sources of the Data for the Analysis
- 5.4 Politicians Appearing in the Corpus and their Positions
- 5.5 Topics Discussed, Setting and Function of the Interviews
- 5.6 Subject of the Analysis
- 5.7 Conclusion
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Boosting
- 6.3 Hedging
- 6.4 Conclusion
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2.1 Quirk et al.’s Classification of Boosters
- 7.2.2.1 Hearer-oriented Boosters
- Ad a) assurances
- Ad b) agreement/understanding-showing boosters
- Ad ci) attitudinal boosters expressing the degree of certain quality
- Ad cii) attitudinal boosters expressing beliefs
- 7.2.2.3 Discourse-organizing Boosters
- 7.3.1 Frequency of Boosters Classified by their Contribution to Discourse Meaning
- 7.3.2.1 Approaches to “Discourse Markers”
- 7.4.1 Content-oriented Emphasis
- 7.4.2 Subjectivity
- 7.4.3 The Degree of a Certain Quality
- 7.4.4 Assurance
- 7.4.5 Intensification by Repetition
- 7.4.6 Hearer-oriented Emphasis
- 7.4.7 Agreement
- 7.5 Conclusion
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2.1 Quirk et al.’s Classification of Hedges
- Ad a) hedges on illocutionary force
- Ad bi) quality hedges
- Ad bii) quantity hedges
- Ad biii) relevance hedges
- Ad biv) manner hedges
- Ad c) hedges addressed to politeness strategies
- Ad d) prosodic and kinesic hedges
- 8.2.3.1 Speaker-oriented Hedges
- 8.2.3.2 Hearer-oriented Hedges
- 8.2.3.3 Content-oriented Hedges
- 8.3.1 Frequency of Hedges Classified by their Contribution to Discourse Meaning
- 8.3.2 Occurrence of the Most Frequent Hedges
- 8.4.1 Attenuation of the Forthcoming Message
- 8.4.2 Assumption
- 8.4.3 Hearer-oriented Uncertainty
- 8.4.4 Unspecified Reference
- 8.4.5 Hesitation
- 8.4.6 Content-oriented Uncertainty
- 8.4.7 Negative Politeness
- 8.4.8 Detachment
- 8.4.9 Evasiveness
- 8.5 Conclusion
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Mood and Modality
- belief
- induction
- hearsay evidence
- deduction
- 9.4 Subjectivity vs. Objectivity
- 9.5.1 Epistemic Modality
- 9.5.2 Deontic Modality
- 9.5.3 Dynamic Modality
- 9.6 Other Classifications of Modality
- 9.7 Classification of Modality in this Study
- 9.8 Expressions of Modality
- 9.9.1 Epistemic Possibility
- 9.9.2 Deontic Necessity
- 9.9.3 Epistemic Attitudinal Modality
- 9.9.4 Circumstantial Possibility
- 9.9.5 Epistemic Necessity
- 9.9.6 Deontic Possibility
- 9.10 Gender-Specificity and Modality
- 9.11.1 Modally Harmonic and Modally Non-harmonic Combinations
- modal verb + modal adverb
- pragmatic particle + modal adverb
- modal adverb + modal adverb
- modal verb + periphrastic verb
- 9.12 Conclusion
- 10 Conclusions
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- References
- Material Analysed
- List of Boosters
- List of Hedges
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5 Corpus Description
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Extract
5.1 Introduction
As already mentioned, this study focuses on a pragma-semantic analysis of linguistic means of speaker involvement in a corpus of political interviews. In this chapter, the material under investigation will be described in a more detailed way. The subsections will focus on the extent of the corpus (5.2), sources of the analysed material (5.3), politicians and their positions (5.4), topics discussed (5.5), and the subject of the analysis (5.6).
5.2 Extent of the Corpus
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Or login to access all content.- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the Author
- About the Book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Involvement in Interactional Sociolinguistics
- 2.3.1 Basic Hypotheses of Discourse Analysis
- 2.4.1 Contextualization Hypothesis
- 2.4.2 Cohesion Hypothesis
- 2.5 High Involvement vs. Low Involvement
- 2.6 Relationships and Differences between Spoken and Written Discourse
- 2.7 Chafe’s Approach to the Notion of Involvement
- 2.8 Involvement in the Prague School
- 2.9 Linguistic Strategies of Involvement
- 2.10 Conceptual Problems Associated with Involvement
- 2.11 Speaker Involvement in this Study
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Pragmatic Approach to the Language of Politics
- 3.3 Defining “Genre” and “Political Discourse”
- 3.4 Political Interview and Its Features
- 3.5 Conversationalization of Media Discourse
- 3.6 Conclusion
- 4.1 Introduction
- Ad a) illocutionary point
- Ad b) degree of strength of the illocutionary point
- Ad c) mode of achievement
- Ad d) propositional content conditions
- Ad e) preparatory conditions
- Ad f) sincerity conditions
- Ad g) degree of strength of the sincerity conditions
- 4.3 Speech Act Theory
- 4.4 Conclusion
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Extent of the Corpus
- 5.3 Sources of the Data for the Analysis
- 5.4 Politicians Appearing in the Corpus and their Positions
- 5.5 Topics Discussed, Setting and Function of the Interviews
- 5.6 Subject of the Analysis
- 5.7 Conclusion
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Boosting
- 6.3 Hedging
- 6.4 Conclusion
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2.1 Quirk et al.’s Classification of Boosters
- 7.2.2.1 Hearer-oriented Boosters
- Ad a) assurances
- Ad b) agreement/understanding-showing boosters
- Ad ci) attitudinal boosters expressing the degree of certain quality
- Ad cii) attitudinal boosters expressing beliefs
- 7.2.2.3 Discourse-organizing Boosters
- 7.3.1 Frequency of Boosters Classified by their Contribution to Discourse Meaning
- 7.3.2.1 Approaches to “Discourse Markers”
- 7.4.1 Content-oriented Emphasis
- 7.4.2 Subjectivity
- 7.4.3 The Degree of a Certain Quality
- 7.4.4 Assurance
- 7.4.5 Intensification by Repetition
- 7.4.6 Hearer-oriented Emphasis
- 7.4.7 Agreement
- 7.5 Conclusion
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2.1 Quirk et al.’s Classification of Hedges
- Ad a) hedges on illocutionary force
- Ad bi) quality hedges
- Ad bii) quantity hedges
- Ad biii) relevance hedges
- Ad biv) manner hedges
- Ad c) hedges addressed to politeness strategies
- Ad d) prosodic and kinesic hedges
- 8.2.3.1 Speaker-oriented Hedges
- 8.2.3.2 Hearer-oriented Hedges
- 8.2.3.3 Content-oriented Hedges
- 8.3.1 Frequency of Hedges Classified by their Contribution to Discourse Meaning
- 8.3.2 Occurrence of the Most Frequent Hedges
- 8.4.1 Attenuation of the Forthcoming Message
- 8.4.2 Assumption
- 8.4.3 Hearer-oriented Uncertainty
- 8.4.4 Unspecified Reference
- 8.4.5 Hesitation
- 8.4.6 Content-oriented Uncertainty
- 8.4.7 Negative Politeness
- 8.4.8 Detachment
- 8.4.9 Evasiveness
- 8.5 Conclusion
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Mood and Modality
- belief
- induction
- hearsay evidence
- deduction
- 9.4 Subjectivity vs. Objectivity
- 9.5.1 Epistemic Modality
- 9.5.2 Deontic Modality
- 9.5.3 Dynamic Modality
- 9.6 Other Classifications of Modality
- 9.7 Classification of Modality in this Study
- 9.8 Expressions of Modality
- 9.9.1 Epistemic Possibility
- 9.9.2 Deontic Necessity
- 9.9.3 Epistemic Attitudinal Modality
- 9.9.4 Circumstantial Possibility
- 9.9.5 Epistemic Necessity
- 9.9.6 Deontic Possibility
- 9.10 Gender-Specificity and Modality
- 9.11.1 Modally Harmonic and Modally Non-harmonic Combinations
- modal verb + modal adverb
- pragmatic particle + modal adverb
- modal adverb + modal adverb
- modal verb + periphrastic verb
- 9.12 Conclusion
- 10 Conclusions
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- References
- Material Analysed
- List of Boosters
- List of Hedges
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the Author
- About the Book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Involvement in Interactional Sociolinguistics
- 2.3.1 Basic Hypotheses of Discourse Analysis
- 2.4.1 Contextualization Hypothesis
- 2.4.2 Cohesion Hypothesis
- 2.5 High Involvement vs. Low Involvement
- 2.6 Relationships and Differences between Spoken and Written Discourse
- 2.7 Chafe’s Approach to the Notion of Involvement
- 2.8 Involvement in the Prague School
- 2.9 Linguistic Strategies of Involvement
- 2.10 Conceptual Problems Associated with Involvement
- 2.11 Speaker Involvement in this Study
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Pragmatic Approach to the Language of Politics
- 3.3 Defining “Genre” and “Political Discourse”
- 3.4 Political Interview and Its Features
- 3.5 Conversationalization of Media Discourse
- 3.6 Conclusion
- 4.1 Introduction
- Ad a) illocutionary point
- Ad b) degree of strength of the illocutionary point
- Ad c) mode of achievement
- Ad d) propositional content conditions
- Ad e) preparatory conditions
- Ad f) sincerity conditions
- Ad g) degree of strength of the sincerity conditions
- 4.3 Speech Act Theory
- 4.4 Conclusion
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Extent of the Corpus
- 5.3 Sources of the Data for the Analysis
- 5.4 Politicians Appearing in the Corpus and their Positions
- 5.5 Topics Discussed, Setting and Function of the Interviews
- 5.6 Subject of the Analysis
- 5.7 Conclusion
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Boosting
- 6.3 Hedging
- 6.4 Conclusion
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2.1 Quirk et al.’s Classification of Boosters
- 7.2.2.1 Hearer-oriented Boosters
- Ad a) assurances
- Ad b) agreement/understanding-showing boosters
- Ad ci) attitudinal boosters expressing the degree of certain quality
- Ad cii) attitudinal boosters expressing beliefs
- 7.2.2.3 Discourse-organizing Boosters
- 7.3.1 Frequency of Boosters Classified by their Contribution to Discourse Meaning
- 7.3.2.1 Approaches to “Discourse Markers”
- 7.4.1 Content-oriented Emphasis
- 7.4.2 Subjectivity
- 7.4.3 The Degree of a Certain Quality
- 7.4.4 Assurance
- 7.4.5 Intensification by Repetition
- 7.4.6 Hearer-oriented Emphasis
- 7.4.7 Agreement
- 7.5 Conclusion
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2.1 Quirk et al.’s Classification of Hedges
- Ad a) hedges on illocutionary force
- Ad bi) quality hedges
- Ad bii) quantity hedges
- Ad biii) relevance hedges
- Ad biv) manner hedges
- Ad c) hedges addressed to politeness strategies
- Ad d) prosodic and kinesic hedges
- 8.2.3.1 Speaker-oriented Hedges
- 8.2.3.2 Hearer-oriented Hedges
- 8.2.3.3 Content-oriented Hedges
- 8.3.1 Frequency of Hedges Classified by their Contribution to Discourse Meaning
- 8.3.2 Occurrence of the Most Frequent Hedges
- 8.4.1 Attenuation of the Forthcoming Message
- 8.4.2 Assumption
- 8.4.3 Hearer-oriented Uncertainty
- 8.4.4 Unspecified Reference
- 8.4.5 Hesitation
- 8.4.6 Content-oriented Uncertainty
- 8.4.7 Negative Politeness
- 8.4.8 Detachment
- 8.4.9 Evasiveness
- 8.5 Conclusion
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Mood and Modality
- belief
- induction
- hearsay evidence
- deduction
- 9.4 Subjectivity vs. Objectivity
- 9.5.1 Epistemic Modality
- 9.5.2 Deontic Modality
- 9.5.3 Dynamic Modality
- 9.6 Other Classifications of Modality
- 9.7 Classification of Modality in this Study
- 9.8 Expressions of Modality
- 9.9.1 Epistemic Possibility
- 9.9.2 Deontic Necessity
- 9.9.3 Epistemic Attitudinal Modality
- 9.9.4 Circumstantial Possibility
- 9.9.5 Epistemic Necessity
- 9.9.6 Deontic Possibility
- 9.10 Gender-Specificity and Modality
- 9.11.1 Modally Harmonic and Modally Non-harmonic Combinations
- modal verb + modal adverb
- pragmatic particle + modal adverb
- modal adverb + modal adverb
- modal verb + periphrastic verb
- 9.12 Conclusion
- 10 Conclusions
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- References
- Material Analysed
- List of Boosters
- List of Hedges