The Way and the Craft: A Multi-Layered Framework for Contemporary Translation Practice

This thesis explores the multifaceted nature of translation by proposing an integrative framework based on ancient Chinese philosophical concepts of Dao (道, the Way), Fa (法, the Method), Shu (术, the Technique), and Qi (器, the Tool). Given the complexities of modern translation practice, this study posits that this four-tiered model offers a holistic lens for understanding and improving translators’ competence. The thesis maps these concepts onto contemporary translation studies: Dao represents the overarching purpose and ethical principles guiding a translation; Fa corresponds to macro-level strategies and theoretical approaches such as Skopos theory and localization; Shu encompasses the micro-level linguistic techniques of rendering sentences and phrases; and Qi relates to the tools of the trade, from traditional dictionaries to AI-driven technologies. Through an in-depth analysis of practical translation problems and case studies, this thesis examines how each layer interacts, and argues that mastery in translation requires not only technical proficiency but also profound strategic and ethical deliberation. The study concludes that the Dao-Fa-Shu-Qi framework provides a robust structure for both pedagogy and professional practice, and fosters a balanced approach that harmonizes fidelity with fluency, tradition with technology, and replication with responsible re-creation in an increasingly complex global communication landscape.