Kulturen im Dialog VII – Culture in Dialogo VII – Cultures in Dialogue VII

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• Abdeckung
• Titelblatt
• Urheberrechtsseite
• Contents
• Foreword (Annemarie Profanter & Walter Lorenz)
• Vorwort (Annemarie Profanter & Walter Lorenz)
• Prefazione (Annemarie Profanter & Walter Lorenz)
• I. Migration (Zoe Weisel Krueger, Wendy Fiagbe, Sara Mazzoli & Valentina Rodani)
• The Pitfalls and Perks of a Third Culture Childhood on Adulthood (Zoe Krueger Weisel)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Overview: The Third Culture Experience
• 2.1 What is the Third Culture?
• 2.2 Who is the Third Culture Kid?
• 3. Literature Review
• 3.1 Sense of Identity and Belonging
• 3.2 Transitioning Phase – Cultural Identity Shift
• 3.3 Achievements and the International Dimension
• 3.4 TCKs’ Possession of Transnational Capital
• 4. Discussion
• Bibliography
• The Psychological Dynamics of Migration: An In-Depth Analysis of Acculturation and Trauma (Wendy Fiagbe)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Acculturation, Trauma, and Mourning: Psychoanalysis and Sociology Meet
• 2.1 Acculturative Stress
• 2.2 Migratory Trauma
• 2.3 Losses, Grief, and Nostalgia
• 2.3.1 Losses
• 2.3.2 Grief and Nostalgia
• 3. What does it mean to be a migrant in Italy? An empirical Research
• 3.1 Methods and Procedures
• 3.1.1 Method: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)
• 3.1.2 Participants
• 3.1.3 Instruments
• 3.1.4 Data Analysis
• 3.2 Results
• 3.2.1 Leaving
• 3.2.2 Stressors in the Land of Migration
• 3.2.3 Self implications
• 3.3 Discussion
• 4. Conclusions and Implications
• Bibliography
• Encountering Differences and Practicing Diversity: Professionals’ Perceptions and Attitudes in Care Relationships with Migrant Women within Reproductive Health Services (Sara Mazzoli)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Framing the Field
• 2.1 Maternal and Child Health Among Migrant Women in Italy
• 2.2 Bio-Socio-Psychological Dimensions of Birth-giving
• 2.3 Approaches and Diversity-related Attitudes
• 3. Empirical Research: General Considerations
• 3.1 Epistemology
• 3.2 Spatial and Temporal Dimensions of the Research
• 3.3 Methodology
• 4. Reproductive Healthcare Professionals on Dealing with Cultural Diversities
• 4.1 The Moroccans, the Africans and Cultural Essentialism
• 4.2 Us and Them Between Cultural Fascination, Covert Racism and Stereotypes
• 4.3 Cultural Facts and Narratives of Otherness
• 5. Concluding Remarks
• Bibliography
• Architecture Crossing Borders: The Liminal Space where Cultures Dialogue by Design (Valentina Rodani)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Overview
• 3. Methodology
• 4. Empirical Research
• 4.1 Approaching
• 4.2 Crossing
• 4.3 Fading
• 5. Discussion
• Bibliography
• II. Intercultural Pedagogical Approach (Tanja Kanton, Lucrezia Bagnato, Magdalena Goller & Theresa Hämmerle)
• Bibliography
• Heterogenität im Modernen Kinderroman: Eine literaturwissenschaftliche Analyse der 2021 für den Deutschen Jugendliteraturpreis Nominierten Kinderromane (Tanja Kanton)
• 1. Einleitung
• 2. Über das Erzählen von Heterogenität in aktueller Kinderliteratur
• 2.1 Der moderne Kinderroman
• 2.2 Differenz statt Defizit: Subgattungen des modernen Kinderromans
• 2.3 Counter Storytelling
• 2.3.1 Critical Race Theory
• 2.3.2 Gender Schema Theory
• 2.3.3 Critical Disability Theory
• 3. Forschungsdesign
• 3.1 Forschungsfrage und methodisches Vorgehen
• 3.2 Begründung der Buchauswahl für die Analyse
• 4. Analyse eines für den Deutschen Jugendliteraturpreis nominierten Kinderromans
• 4.1 „Pembo – Halb und halb macht doppelt glücklich!“ von Ayşe Bosse
• 4.2 Zusammenfassung der Analyseergebnisse
• 5. Fazit
• Bibliography
• Primärliteratur
• Sekundärliteratur
• Literarische Quellen
• Bilderbücher und Identität: Eine qualitativ-empirische Studie zur Rezeption eines realistisch-problemorientierten Bilderbuches durch Kindergartenkinder (Lucrezia Bagnato)
• 1. Einleitung
• 2. Theoretischer Überblick
• 2.1 Bilderbücher und Identität
• 2.2 Identitätsfördernder Literaturunterricht
• 3. Methodenteil
• 3.1 Bilderbuchauswahl
• 4. Empirie
• 5. Diskussion
• Literaturverzeichnis
• Primärliteratur
• Sekundärliteratur
• Influenza della Memoria di Lavoro e dell’Ansia: Matematica nella Comprensione dei Numeri Razionali (Magdalena Goller)
• 1. Introduzione
• 2. Cornice Teorica
• 2.1 Numeri Razionali
• 2.2 Memoria di Lavoro
• 2.3 Ansia Matematica
• 3. Studio Empirico
• 4. Risultati
• 5. Discussione
• 6. Conclusione
• Bibliografia
• Möhrenbräu, Weizenbräu, Ben’s Products: Rassistische Logos als Mittel für Antirassismus-Bildung in der Sekundarstufe (Theresa Hämmerle)
• 1. Einleitung
• 2. Rassismus in Schule und Alltag
• 3. Österreich und der Kolonialismus
• 4. Koloniale Darstellungen in Logos im globalen Kontext
• 5. Öffentliche Kritik
• 6. Die “Schwarze Geschichte” Österreichs
• 7. Antirassistische Bildung in der Sekundarstufe
• 7.1 Unterrichtsbeispiel für das Fach “Geschichte und Politische Bildung”
• 7.2 Schüler:innenergebnisse
• 8. Fazit
• Bibliographie
• Primärquellen
• Sekundärliteratur
• Abbildungsverzeichnis
• III. Discrimination (Martina Giovine, Sophie Girardini & Lorenzo Corona)
• Hate Speech and Racism: Some Reflections (Martina Giovine)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. What is Hate Speech and Who is the Hater
• 3. The Politically Correct and The Discriminatory Words
• 4. Racial Epithets
• 5. Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Do we Endorse Stereotypes of Muslim Women and Tolerate Stereotypes of Roma Women? Analysing the European Court of Human Rights’ Approach to Stereotypes Regarding Intersectional Discrimination (Sophie Girardini)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Overview
• 3. When the Court Relies on Stereotypes: Muslim Women
• 3.1 Stereotypes in the “Headscarf” Case Law
• 3.2. Recent Developments
• 4. When National Authorities Rely on Stereotypes: Roma Women
• 4.1 Stereotypes in “Caravan” and “Sterilisation” Case Law
• 4.2 Recent Developments
• 5. Towards an Improved Approach to Stereotypes by the ECtHR
• Bibliography
• Case Law
• Literature
• The LGBTQIA+ Community: A Never-ending Struggle for Emancipation through the Muslim and Western Countries (Lorenzo Corona)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Human Rights and LGBTQIA+ Rights in the making
• 2.1 Human Rights and the LGBTQIA+ Community
• 2.2 LGBTQIA+ Rights: Protection and Violation
• 3. LGBTQIA+ Rights: Islamic Countries, Sharia, and Human Rights
• 3.1 Homosexuality, Sharia, and its Evolution in the Islamic Society
• 3.2 The Prophet of Lot
• 3.3 Interpreting the Parable of the Prophet of Lot
• 3.4 Evolving Sharia Principles
• 4. LGBTQIA+ Right: Europe and the International Legal Standards
• 4.1 Europe and LGBTQIA+ Inclusion Worldwide
• 4.2 European Standards and the Council of Europe
• 4.3 ECHR Jurisprudence
• 4.4 Europe: a Debunked Myth
• Bibliography
• IV. Intercultural Communication and Geopolitics (Emanuele Maggioli & Camillo Giorgeschi)
• Bibliografia
• Incontri Interculturali di Ieri (Emanuele Maggioli)
• 1. Introduzione
• 2. Incontri Interculturali Remoti: gli Europei e i Nativi Americani
• 2.1 Cultura & Religione
• 2.1.1 L’ostacolo del Linguaggio
• 3. Incontri Interculturali in un Contesto di Guerra
• 3.1 Primi Incontri Interculturali in Grecia
• 3.1.1 Lingue Diverse
• 3.2 Incontri Interculturali Durante la Prigionia in Germania
• 3.2.1 I Russi
• 3.2.2 Gli Americani
• 3.2.3 Il Linguaggio
• 3.2.4 Culture Shock e Ritorno a Casa
• 4. Incontro-scontro Interculturale al Crollo del Comunismo in URSS
• 4.1 L’homo Sovieticus
• 4.2 Il Culto del Denaro
• 4.3 La Cultura Comunista e il suo Declino
• 5. Conclusione
• Bibliografia
• La Cina e la Belt and Road Initiative: Il Confronto con gli Stati Uniti (Camillo Giorgeschi)
• 1. Introduzione
• 2. La Belt and Road Initiative; un nuovo Piano Marshall o uno Strumento di Soft Power?
• 2.1 Le Due Visioni dell’Ordine Geopolitico
• 2.1.1 La Visione Americana
• 2.1.2 La visione cinese
• 3. Le due visioni della BRI
• 3.1 La trappola del debito americana
• 3.1.1 Il neocolonialismo cinese
• 3.2 La soluzione win win cinese
• 4. La BRI come strumento di interculturalità
• 4.1 Interculturalità nella geopolitica della BRI
• 4.2 L’Antica Via della Seta
• 5. Conclusioni
• Bibliografia
• V. Resembling Ecologies (Eliza Zimmermann, Nicole Faiella, Cristina Chițu & Lisa Tolksdorf)
• Bibliography
• Culturing Care Through Time Interactions for Care: On the Transformative Potential of Economies that Resemble Ecologies (Eliza Zimmermann & Nicole Faiella)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Overview
• 2.1 Time
• 2.2 Clock Time/No Time
• 2.3 Care
• 2.4 Care-less
• 2.5 Time-hungry People Unable to Care
• 2.6 Pluriverse of Caring Times
• 3. Methodology
• 3.1 Action Research
• 3.1.1 Participatory Ethnography
• 3.1.2 Public Interventions
• 3.1.3 Research event
• 3.1.4 Convivial co-creative art workshop
• 4. Results
• 4.1 Process Outputs
• 4.1.1 Protest Poster Production
• 4.1.2 Care is the New Time
• 4.2 Lasting Alliances
• 4.3 Time Bank Potentials
• 4.4 Critical Aspects
• 4.5 Change Within
• 4.6 Organic Counterpart
• 5. Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Beyond the Brain: Abhidhamma’s Mental Ecology and its Relevance for Psychiatry (Cristina Chițu)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Overview
• 3. Methods
• 4. Abhidhamma Saṅgaha: The Mind
• 4.1 The Mind as an Ultimate Reality
• 4.2 nāma: An Etymological Analysis
• 4.3 The Mind as a Bending
• 4.3.1 The Whole of Mind as a Bending
• 4.3.2 Citta as a bending
• 4.3.3 Cetasikas as a bending
• 5. Effects on the Understanding of Psychiatry
• Bibliography
• Sumak Kawsay: Eine Analyse der Indigenen Kosmovision als Alternative zur Nachhaltigkeitsentwicklung (Lisa Tolksdorf)
• 1. Einleitung
• 2. Restriktionen
• 2.1 Geografische Einordnung und Entstehung von sumak kawsay
• 2.2 Sprachlich-semantische Genese
• 3. Die Zentralen Aspekte der Philosophie
• 3.1 Die vier Prinzipien
• 4. Conclusio
• Bibliographie
• Notes on Contributors

Annemarie Profanter (Hrsg./dir./ed.)

Kulturen im Dialog VII
Culture in Dialogo VII
Cultures in Dialogue VII

Siebtes JungakademikerInnen-Forum in Südtirol
Settimo Forum per Neolaureati in Alto Adige
Seventh Forum for Young Graduates in South Tyrol

Berlin · Bruxelles · Chennai · Lausanne · New York · Oxford

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek

Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.

Umschlagabbildung:

© Sara Pernthaler, Stone Town, Zanzibar, Tanzania, 2023

ISSN 1866-752X

ISBN 978-3-631-91764-0 (Print)

ISBN 978-3-631-91765-7 (E-PDF)

ISBN 978-3-631-91766-4 (E-PUB)

DOI 10.3726/b23128

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Verlegt durch Peter Lang GmbH, Berlin (Deutschland)

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Foreword

Annemarie Profanter & Walter Lorenz

How can a dialogue between cultures succeed? Gibt es ein definitives Rezept, wie Dialog zwischen verschiedenen Kulturen gefördert werden kann? Come possiamo stimolare un dialogo tra culture diverse?

These are anything but simple questions, which represent the framework for dealing with a topic that is as heterogeneous and multiple as the answers to these questions themselves. But before rushing to possible answers, it is useful to dwell first briefly on the questions, that is, on the topic of this volume: the many facets of ‘Kulturen im Dialog’, ‘Culture in Dialogo’, ‘Cultures in Dialogue’ open up multiple and quite diverse worlds of thought in every reader. These range from a dialogue between academic cultures, between theories of migration and multiculturalism, gender questions, to theories of religion and questions of linguistic diversity.

This wide range of approaches to the topic provided the impetus for young academics from Italy and abroad, coming from different cultural contexts and disciplines, to explore these questions from ‘their’ perspectives, professionally, substantively, politically and personally. On 7 December 2023, they were invited to the Faculty of Education at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano for the seventh time for a discursive exchange. A balancing act in terms of content and subject matter that resonates with the tradition of the country, if one can believe the often-cited descriptions of the South Tyrol: It is often presented as a ‘role model’ for the resolution of ethnic conflicts, a model that is sometimes emphasised, sometimes criticised – the choice of the respective lens or mode of interpretation depends on the eye of the beholder.

The Autonomous Province of Bolzano, the northernmost province in Italy, is the country’s only province in which three languages, German, Italian and Ladin, are used and taught as official (educational) languages. From a historical perspective, its higher education approach is also characterised by a cross-cultural mission. The founding of the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano in 1997 structurally reflects this cultural diversity: heterogeneity refers to the people and their work within the institution and to its structural-organisational aspects, which also reflect and require diversity, and not only in terms of language. The Free University of Bozen-Bolzano is a meeting place for different cultures, not least between its academic disciplines and organisational cultures, and this requires and promotes constant dialogue.

However, its experiences show that the socially and historically given heterogeneity that characterises the university’s environment creates challenges that this is not always equal to, as this requires a special kind of ability to engage in dialogue. Or to put it more specifically: With reference to historical circumstances and the minority status of the German- and Ladin-speaking population at the state level, the protection of these ‘old minorities’ has been at the forefront of politics since the post-fascist era, resulting in a policy of separation or exclusion and proportional resource distribution according to the criterion of language group affiliation. This defensive approach tended to lead to a certain resistance to learning the respective other languages of the Province, and language skills are definitely a prerequisite for successful, constructive dialogue, for a democratic culture of discussion and for counteracting polarisations in society. This defensive basic tendency now also has effects in relation to the tasks that newer migration phenomena and the whole range of implications of globalisation bring with them, especially under the most obvious aspects of cultural diversity and social heterogeneity.

The politics of identity in the South Tyrolean education system is an example of the balancing act between the so-called ‘protection of minorities’ and the handling of diversity. Future models, inspired by demographic changes and immigration, radically question the politics of identity in the South Tyrolean education system, even if the discussion is sometimes only allowed to be conducted in the academic ivory tower. Because here, too, the political game of rights and privileges sometimes has an effect and influences the production of (new) knowledge.

It is important to counteract this influence, which is why this biennial competition is explicitly dedicated to promoting dialogue skills. Competition is not understood here in the sense of the neoliberal mantra that seeks to determine which topics can attract more attention (and funding). Research and teaching at universities often cannot escape these framework conditions. Although this business model promises freedom and the breaking of old dependencies, these principles do not allow it to keep this promise. For us, it would contradict the goal of our interdisciplinary project: the goal of the forum is therefore not simply to reward excellence in research, but rather to further the attention that young scientists pay to the manifold dimensions of cultural diversity, which always require new forms of dialogue. This event confronts the reality of educational sciences as a site that generates knowledge and the current creation of human capital practised at this faculty on training courses for teachers, nursery nurses and social workers with a discursive, cross-faculty approach to the topic of ‘cultures in dialogue’.

Therefore, the aim of the forum and the present volume was to convey an impression of the various aspects that need to be considered when one becomes aware of living in an irrevocably multicultural society, and this not only related to the special historical situation of South Tyrol, but also with regard to phenomena that have only recently manifested themselves here through international developments. In this forum, moments of encounter and intersubjective and interdisciplinary dialogue are to be created in an analogue and discursive way in order to generate this heuristic effect. In this context, the term ‘culture’ must be understood in very broad terms, and also in this round no attempt was made to agree on a single definition. Rather, the jury took the scintillating imprecision of the term as an opportunity to make visible the diverse aspects of differences, which are sometimes directly and often only indirectly associated with the term. At the same time, this should lay the theoretical foundation for practical forms of dialogue-based problem analysis and problem solving when different cultures and perspectives collide.

This year, too, many and diverse submissions were received, which for us meant that interest in the interdisciplinary exchange of young academics remains as high as ever. An international, interdisciplinary commission selected four papers in advance of the presentation event, which the authors were then able to present to an audience. The most innovative work was awarded the prize of funding for a project. The jury was made up of the following professors, who come from different academic traditions and combine different scientific approaches, offering their different perspectives to the authors for the further development of their work: Lorenz Walter represents the discipline of social work and applied social science, Günther Pallaver is a political scientist, Anna Aluffi Pentini teaches and researches intercultural aspects of early childhood education, Stefan Franz Schubert is an economist, Gerhard Glüher represents the discipline of design, and Annemarie Profanter, the initiator and organiser of the forum, comes from the field of educational science and focuses on intercultural pedagogy in her academic work.

The topics presented to the audience by the four finalists comprise a broad spectrum for dealing with cultural differences, including the articulation and analysis of arising challenges and their processing: At first glance, the situation of tourism in South Tyrol, for example, seems to have little to do with the animistic relationship to nature as expressed in the culture of the Maori in New Zealand. And yet Marion Juri from the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano makes it clear in her analysis how a new, ecologically sustainable understanding of tourism could be achieved through such a confrontation.

Characterising differences in terms of gender as cultural differences can easily be misunderstood, but Laura Nunziante from the University of Vienna shows, using the example of female war correspondents Janet Flanner and Lee Miller, that in their reports aspects of war and violence become visible that receive less attention in male perspectives.

The gender dimension has also great actuality in relation to the European Union’s migration policy, as Camilla Vianini, the winner of the Forum of Young Graduates, from the University of Bologna is able to show from a feminist perspective. A monography based on her dissertation is published in this series. She evidences how current trends of ‘securitizing’ migration under the aspect of national security can negatively affect women despite the possibly ‘protective’ justification of these policies.

Differences can also be found in ‘legal cultures’, which are even reflected in the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the question of discrimination against different groups of women, as the article by Sophie Girardini, who works at the University of Groningen, shows. The jury found it quite difficult to decide on the winning paper, but in view of the critical insight that a feminist perspective can offer into political justifications, they chose Camilla Vianini.

But this did not exhaust the wealth of possible differentiations and their potential for change and the editors of this volume left themselves open to include further enriching surprises. Young scientists are concerned about the topicality of the issue of racism through which the ambiguity of the term culture can be exploited. They look back at various thematic aspects of the history of countries that only reluctantly face up to their involvement in colonialism, such as Italy or Austria. In order to expose forms of racist discrimination, it is not necessary to directly focus on the ominously growing racist trend of nationalism, which is evident in numerous political developments worldwide. Rather, attention can also be drawn to the use of language in social media or to stereotypical categorisations of women of different ethnic backgrounds in gynaecological services.

In contributions becomes apparent how the processing of migration experiences can take very different forms depending on the individual, whereby structural circumstances count equally and can make the ‘intermediate state’ of female migrants appear as insecurity or enrichment. These observations are linked to considerations regarding the ambiguity of political borders and the associated borderline experiences, which are also reflected in architectural styles in such regions as Gorizia on the border between Italy and Slovenia. It is therefore also enlightening to learn that, for example, children’s books no longer operate with a uniform idea of normality when depicting the identities of children and their family circumstances, but that there has been a significant departure towards diversity in publications in recent decades and especially now.

All the contributions reflect an effort to deal positively with cultural ruptures and challenges for the identity-work of those living and growing up in intercultural contexts, which can be perceived at different levels. This differentiation can also counteract widespread prejudices, such as that homosexuality is fundamentally condemned by Islamic culture. The encounter with and representation of ‘cultural differences’ has a long history and must therefore always be seen and judged in the specific historical and political context, which provides significant insights for dealing constructively with upheavals taking place today.

The contributions that elaborate the fruitful dynamics of cultural dialogue in relation to current ecological challenges were particularly refreshing. In these concluding articles, fundamental questions are posed to customary epistemologies that have given rise to polarising differences, e.g. between mind and matter, human and nature, from which structures of domination and imbalances have been derived. It may be necessary to look to cultures that offer different basic attitudes towards the natural environment to replace these with new ontologies, but also towards the social environment. Especially when a discipline like design addresses social issues, creativity unfolds not only on the theoretical level, but also as the enabling of a ‘caring’ approach to fellow human beings, which in turn reveals a dimension of ‘dialogue’ that goes far beyond ‘talking’.

Encouraged by these experiences and encounters, we are presenting this new volume in the series to a wider audience, which we hope will be inspired by the creativity and optimism of these contributions.

Vorwort

Annemarie Profanter & Walter Lorenz