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Hilary of Poitiers on Conciliating the Homouseans and the Homoeouseans

An Inquiry on the Fourth-Century Trinitarian Controversy

by Jannel Abogado (Author)
©2016 Thesis 318 Pages

Summary

The concern of the book is whether Hilary of Poitiers compromised the Nicene faith, a charge suggested even in Hilary’s own day, when he attempted to bring together the homouseans and the homoeouseans. The author revisits the arguments offered by recent studies on the issue and analyzes the primary sources to assert confidently that Hilary did not compromise the Nicene confession. The book demonstrates that the confession of faith of the homoeousean group with whom Hilary conciliated was not another form of Arianism. Similarly, the author clarifies that the distinction between the numeric unity and specific unity on which modern authors unsympathetic to Hilary base their negative assessment of the Hilarian program of rapprochement was not operative in the fourth century Trinitarian discourse. Hilary merely affirmed the orthodoxy of the homoeousean confession by demonstrating its affinity with the Nicene doctrine through his explication of the significance of the nativitas of the Son from God the Father, a theological concept employed by both ecclesiastical parties to establish their respective beliefs in the divinity of the Son and His substantial relationship with the Father.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • About the author
  • About the book
  • This eBook can be cited
  • Contents
  • Preface and Acknowledgement
  • Introduction
  • 1. Objective of the book
  • 2. The Arian context
  • 3. A note on the use of labels
  • Chapter I: Towards Hilary’s involvment in the Trinitarian crisis
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The changing ecclesiastical politics under the reign of the sons of Constantine
  • 3. The councils of Arles (353) and Milan (355)
  • 4. The council of Béziers (356) and the motivation behind Hilary’s exile
  • 5. Hilary’s pre-Béziers knowledge of Arianism: The testimony of In Matthaeum
  • 6. Conclusion
  • Chapter II: The homousean party
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. From silence about the homousean formula to its committed defense
  • 3. Athanasius
  • 3.1 The function of ὁμοούσιος in De Decretis
  • 3.2 The defense of ὁμοούσιος in De Synodis
  • 3.3 The Athanasian concept of ὁμοούσιος
  • 4. The Latin homouseans
  • 4.1 The Latin Church’s collective act of defense of Nicaea in the synod of Rimini (359)
  • 4.2 The defense of Nicaea of selected prominent Latin authors
  • 4.2.1 Phoebadius of Agen
  • 4.2.2 Gregory of Elvira
  • 4.2.3 Marius Victorinus
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Chapter III: The homoeousean party
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The emergence and the pursuit for theological hegemony of the homoeousean party
  • 3. Some thoughts on the origin of the term ὁμοιούσιος
  • 4. The formula ὁμοιούσιος as more suitable than ὁμοούσιος for the Son’s relationship with the Father
  • 5. The Trinitarian theology of the homoeousean party
  • 5.1 The synodal letter of the 358 council of Ancyra
  • 5.2 The memorandum of Basil of Ancyra and George of Laodicea
  • 5.2.1 Apology for Basil’s action at 4th Sirmium
  • 5.2.2 Polemics against the neo-Arian theology
  • 5.2.3 Attempt to conciliate with the pro-Nicene party
  • 6. The homoeouseans and Hilary of Poitiers
  • 7. Conclusion
  • Chapter IV: Hilary of Poitiers conciliates the Homouseans and the Homoeouseans
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Overcoming the West’s suspicion that the easterners uphold Arianism
  • 2.1 Hilary’s appraisal of the theology of the Ancyran synod of 358
  • 2.2 The creeds of the easterners do not replace the theology of Nicaea
  • 2.3 The meaning of ὁμοιούσιος appropriates the meaning of ὁμοούσιος
  • 3. Overcoming the East’s objection to ὁμοούσιος
  • 4. The theology of nativitas as point of convergence of the homousean and homoeousean doctrines
  • 4.1 The concept of nativitas as basic assumption in both the homousean and homoeousean affirmations
  • 4.1.1 The nativitas of the Son and the analogy of human birth
  • 4.1.2 The foundation of the theological affirmations of the Nicene group in the nativitas of the Son
  • 4.1.3 The foundation of the homoeousean doctrine in the nativitas of the Son
  • 4.2 The function of the concept of nativitas in Hilary’s anti-Arian arguments
  • 4.2.1 The heretics opposed the natural birth of the Son: The significance of the Letter of Arius
  • 4.2.2 Using the conceptuality of nativitas to show that the Arian proof-texts actually confirm the Nicene view of God
  • 4.3 The meaning of unity of nature in the theology of Hilary
  • 5. Conclusion
  • General Conclusion
  • Bibliography

← 8 | 9 →Preface and Acknowledgement

This book was originally presented as a doctoral thesis to the Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum in Rome and was examined by Prof. Patrick Descourtieux, Prof. Manlio Simonetti, and Prof. Robert Dodaro. Its conception may be traced back to the time when my superiors decided to send me to Rome to take up studies in Patrology. Before leaving for Rome I was told that it would be preferable if I could work on the Latin fathers. The reason being was that there is already a friar in our province who specializes in the study of the writings of the Oriental fathers. Hence, as I commenced my studies, I started exploring the catalogue of the works of the Latin fathers available in the library of the Augustinianum to look for a possible topic for dissertation. It led me to the doctoral thesis of Paul Burns at the Augustinianum entitled The Christology in Hilary of Poitiers’ Commentary on Matthew (Studia Ephemeridis Augustinianum 16, 1981). P. Burns disclosed before concluding his manuscript that his original intent was to write about “Hilary of Poitiers as an example of a reconciler between divergent theological and linguistic groups in the Roman Empire of the fourth century” (118). But he did not pursue it because he felt at that time that he first needed to do some preliminary studies before he could commit to such project. It prompted me to inquire whether he has followed through with his original plan to write about Hilary as a reconciler of East and West. I discovered that, except for a brief essay entitled “West meets East in the De Synodis of Hilary of Poitiers” (SP 28, 24–28), he did not make any comprehensive study of the issue. My book therefore is intended to fill up this lacuna in Hilarain scholarship as originally conceived by P. Burns, to whom I am beholden for the insight.

I am indebted to many different persons for different kinds of help extended to me in the course of writing and publication of this work. To my professors who accompanied me in the tedious process of writing this manuscript and shared with me their critical expertise: In particular I thank Prof. Manlio Simonetti, for his attention to details and his insightful counsels to carefully clarify the thought and the historical context of the fathers and other ancient personalities discussed in this work. To my ← 9 | 10 →thesis-moderator, Prof. Patrick Descourtieux, for the high standard he set for me to climb, motivating me to give my best in this endeavor, for his constant encouragement in the course of my research and writing, always encouraging me with assuring words that I am treading the right path, and for his erudite suggestions, which directed me to refine my arguments and present them in a clear and more straightforward manner. Their valuable suggestions significantly helped improve the final outcome of this work. However, if there are still misgivings and inaccuracies in the interpretation of the textual data, it could only be attributed to my stubbornness to stand by my own opinion rather than listen to their expert suggestions.

Likewise, I am grateful to Mr. Benjamin Fröhlich, the commissioning editor of Peter Lang International Academics, Bern, Switzerland, for his generous guidance every step of the way in the course of the preparation of my manuscript for publication, to Chrisma, Teresa, Vynette, Karen and Patrice for the tireless effort they spent to review the grammar and help improve my otherwise long and complex sentences, and to the Director of the Center for Religious Studies and Ethics of the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, for subsidizing its publication.

I would like also to extend my gratitude to my superiors in the Dominican Province of the Philippines, the present Prior Provincial, Fr. Gerard Timoner, III, OP, and his immediate predecessors, Fr. Quirico Pedregosa, Jr., OP and Fr. Edmund Nantes, OP, and the Prior of my convent of assignation, Fr. Rodel Aligan, OP, for giving me the time and opportunity to pursue studies in Theology and Patristic Science of which this manuscript is the product. To the current rector of the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Fr. Herminio Dagohoy, OP and his immediate predecessors, Fr. Rolando dela Rosa, OP and Fr. Ernesto Arceo, OP, for financing my study and research abroad. To my community during my stay in Rome, the friars of the Convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, under the prior, P. Daniele Ols, OP, for providing me with the right environment conducive for study and writing. And to my parents, Telesforo and Maria, for nurturing in me at a very young age a strong faith in God and for inculcating in me the love of studies – two qualities that led me to discover my Dominican vocation.

Finally, to God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, this present work I offer in gratitude for the gift of vocation and the grace of intellectual desire to understand more profoundly my faith in the God who ← 10 | 11 →called me to the priesthood, inspiring me to discern his presence in the world, more particularly in the experience and the writings of the fathers of the Church. To the one triune God be glory unto the ages!

Jannel N. Abogado, OP
University of Santo Tomas, Manila
April 30, 2015← 11 | 12 →

Details

Pages
318
Publication Year
2016
ISBN (Softcover)
9783034316910
ISBN (PDF)
9783035109108
ISBN (MOBI)
9783035193046
ISBN (ePUB)
9783035193053
DOI
10.3726/978-3-0351-0910-8
Language
English
Publication date
2016 (January)
Keywords
trinitarian crisis council of arles arianism nicaea homousean party
Published
Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Frankfurt am Main, Oxford, New York, Wien, 2016. 318 pp.
Product Safety
Peter Lang Group AG

Biographical notes

Jannel Abogado (Author)

Jannel Abogado, OP is a member of the Philippine Dominican Province. He is assigned in the priory of St. Thomas Aquinas. He holds a doctorate degree in Theology and Patristic Sciences from the Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum, Rome, Italy. He teaches Patrology at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Santo Tomas, Manila.

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Title: Hilary of Poitiers on Conciliating the Homouseans and the Homoeouseans