Socio-Economic Impact of Special Economic Zones in Gujarat

Table Of Contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• About the authors
• About the book
• This eBook can be cited
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• List of Appendices
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations
• 1 Special Economic Zones: An Overview
• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Definition
• 1.3 Objectives
• 1.4 Features
• 1.4.1 Fiscal and Financial Incentives
• 1.4.2 Non-Fiscal Incentives
• 1.4.3 The Regulatory and Institutional Framework for SEZs
• 1.4.3.1 Regulatory Framework
• 1.4.3.2 Institutional Framework
• 1.4.3.2.1 Key Stakeholders
• 1.5 Theoretical Approaches to SEZs
• 1.5.1 The Neo-Classical Approach
• 1.5.2 The Political Economy Approach
• 1.5.3 The Heterodox Approach
• 1.5.4 The Global Value Chain Approach
• 1.5.5 Agglomeration Economies Approach
• 1.6 Socio-Economic Development
• 1.7 Socio-Economic Impacts: Concepts
• 1.8 Foreign Direct Investment and SEZs
• 1.9 Regional Trade Agreements and SEZs
• 1.10 Synopsis
• 2 Research Methodology
• 2.1 Aim of the Study
• 2.2 Statement of the Problem
• 2.3 Objectives of the Study
• 2.4 Hypothesis
• 2.5 Scope
• 2.6 Research Gap
• 2.7 Research Methodology
• 2.7.1 Primary Data
• 2.7.2 Tools for Data Collection
• 2.7.3 Questionnaire
• 2.7.3.1 Question Design
• 2.7.3.2 Framing of Questions
• 2.7.4 Secondary Data
• 2.7.5 Training
• 2.8 Sample Selection
• 2.8.1 The Universe
• 2.8.2 Sampling Unit
• 2.8.3 Target Sample SEZs
• 2.8.4 Sampling Techniques
• 2.8.5 Reference Period
• 2.8.6 Research Concept
• 2.8.6.1 Socio-Economic Variables
• 2.8.6.2 Determinants of Socio-Economic Allure in Gujarat’s SEZs
• 2.8.6.3 SEZs-Specific Determinants
• 2.8.7 Research Design
• 2.9 Sample Design
• 2.10 Statistical Techniques
• 2.10.1 Statistical Tools for Data Analysis
• 2.11 Pilot Study
• 2.11.1 Introduction
• 2.11.2 Goal
• 2.12 Significance of the Study
• 2.13 Research Phases and Conclusion
• 2.14 Synopsis
• 3 Literature Review
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Theoretical Background for Economic Development
• 3.3 Phase I (1980–2004)
• 3.3.1 Economic Aspects
• 3.3.2 Social Aspects
• 3.4 Phase II (2005–2019)
• 3.4.1 Infrastructure Boost
• 3.4.2 Foreign Direct Investment
• 3.4.3 Exports
• 3.4.4 Clusters/Agglomeration
• 3.4.5 Land Issues
• 3.4.6 Employment
• 3.4.7 Women and SEZs
• 3.4.8 Indirect Economy
• 3.4.9 SEZs and Health Issues
• 3.4.10 Impact of SEZs on Immediate Neighbourhood and Others
• 3.5 SEZ Policy and Act
• 3.6 Literature Gap and Conclusion
• 3.7 Synopsis
• 4 Special Economic Zones: An International Perspective
• 4.1 SEZs: Taxonomy, Scope and Definitions
• 4.2 SEZs: Global Distribution
• 4.3 History of Special Economic Zones
• 4.3.1 Evolution of Special Economic Zones
• 4.3.1.1 Trade-Based SEZs
• 4.3.1.2 Manufacturing-Based SEZs
• 4.3.1.3 Comprehensive SEZs
• 4.3.1.4 Newer Varieties of Zones
• 4.3.1.5 Transnational Zones
• 4.4 SEZs Development Worldwide
• 4.5 Regional Patterns and Innovations
• 4.5.1 Asia
• 4.5.1.1 East and South East Asia/ASEAN Countries
• 4.5.1.2 China
• 4.5.1.3 South Asia
• 4.5.1.4 West Asia
• 4.5.2 Latin America and the Caribbean
• 4.5.3 Africa
• 4.5.4 Transition Economies
• 4.5.5 Developed Economies
• 4.6 International Cooperation and Regional Development Zones
• 4.6.1 Foreign Partnership Zones
• 4.6.2 Border and Cross-Border SEZs
• 4.7 Social Impact Assessment of Special Economic Zones
• 4.8 Economic Impact Assessment of Special Economic Zones
• 4.8.1 Direct Economic
• 4.8.1.1 Investment Attraction
• 4.8.1.2 Export Generation and Diversification
• 4.8.1.3 Direct and Indirect Employment Creation
• 4.8.1.4 Overall Economic Growth Impact
• 4.9 Synopsis
• 5 Special Economic Zones: An Indian Perspective
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Special Economic Zones in India: The Journey
• 5.2.1 The Tryst with EPZs (1965–1980)
• 5.2.2 Growth Pangs (1981–1999)
• 5.2.3 Consolidation Phase Spurred by Legal Framework (2000–2007)
• 5.2.4 Exponential Growth (2008–till Date)
• 5.3 The Regulatory and Institutional Framework
• 5.3.1 Regulatory Framework
• 5.3.1.1 Special Economic Zone Act, 2005
• 5.3.1.2 SEZ Act, 2005: Objectives and Some Salient Features
• 5.3.1.3 SEZ Rules, 2006
• 5.3.1.4 The Special Economic Zones Rules, 2006, and Amendments Thereto
• 5.3.1.5 Net Foreign Exchange (NFE) Criteria
• 5.3.1.6 Monitoring of Performance
• 5.3.2 Institutional Framework
• 5.3.2.1 Administrative Set-Up for Indian Special Economic Zones
• 5.3.2.2 SEZs Policy: Ease of Doing Business
• 5.4 SEZs in India: Present Status
• 5.4.1 Government Initiatives for State SEZs
• 5.4.2 Ease of Doing Business Measures and Initiatives
• 5.4.3 Sector-Wise Special Economic Zones
• 5.4.4 State-Wise Distribution of Special Economic Zones
• 5.5 Economic Impact
• 5.5.1 Export Performance of SEZ Units
• 5.5.2 Investment in SEZ Units Including FDI
• 5.5.3 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows
• 5.5.4 Employment
• 5.6 WTO and SEZs in India
• 5.7 Social Impact
• 5.7.1 Impact of Environment Assessment on Sustainable Development
• 5.8 Land Acquisition and Land Issues
• 5.8.1 Overview of Land Acquisition
• 5.8.2 De-Notification of SEZs
• 5.9 Synopsis
• 6 Special Economic Zones: Gujarat
• 6.1 Overview of Gujarat
• 6.1.1 Economic View
• 6.1.2 Vision & Mission: Gujarat Industrial Policy 2020
• 6.1.3 Primacy for Exports
• 6.2 Principal Characteristics: All Industries
• 6.2.1 Thrust Sectors as per Industrial Policy 2020
• 6.3 Special Economic Zones in Gujarat
• 6.3.1 Overview
• 6.4 Regulatory Framework
• 6.4.1 Gujarat Special Economic Zone Act, 2004
• 6.4.1.1 Main Objectives
• 6.4.1.2 Incentive Schemes
• 6.5 Land Utilization in SEZs
• 6.6 Highlights of SEZs
• 6.6.1 Kandla Special Economic Zone (KASEZ)
• 6.6.2 GIFT (Gujarat International Finance Tec-City) SEZ
• 6.6.3 PHARMEZ: SEZ of Zydus Infrastructure Pvt Ltd
• 6.6.4 Dahej SEZ (DSL)
• 6.7 Performance of SEZs
• 6.7.1 Overview
• 6.7.2 Exports
• 6.7.3 Units: Functional and Non-Functional
• 6.7.4 Women Employment
• 6.8 Synopsis
• 7 Data Analysis and Findings
• Part I Socio-Economic Impact of SEZs in Gujarat: From Units
• Segment I
• 7.1 Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Responses from SEZ Units
• 7.1.1 Data Collection
• 7.1.2 Item Analysis Using Cronbach’s Alpha
• Section One: General Information of SEZ Units (Q 1.1–Q 1.6)
• 7.1.3 SEZs Unit Details (Q 1.1)
• 7.1.4 Unit Details: Year-Wise and Activity-Wise (Q 1.2 & 1.5)
• 7.1.5 Commencement of Units (Q 1.2)
• 7.1.6 Ownership Structure (Q 1.4)
• 7.1.7 Turnover Analysis (Q 1.6)
• 7.1.8 Comparison of Revenue Generated (Q 1.6)
• Section Two: Direct Economic (Q 2.1–Q 2.9)
• 7.1.9 Type of Employment (Q 2.1)
• 7.1.10 Employment Analysis: Industry (Q 1.5 & Q 2.1)
• 7.1.11 Gender Analysis (Q 2.2)
• 7.1.12 Local and Non-Local Employment (Q 2.3)
• 7.1.13 Correspondence Analysis (Q 2.4.1–Q 2.4.8)
• 7.1.14 Human Resources Factors (Q 2.5.1–Q 2.5.5)
• 7.1.15 Government Policies Impact (Q 2.6)
• 7.1.16 Economic Impact (Q 2.7.1–Q 2.7.8)
• 7.1.17 Human Capital Development (Q 2.8.1–Q 2.8.6)
• 7.1.18 Local Economy (Q 2.9)
• Section Three: Indirect Economic (Q 3.1–Q 3.6)
• 7.1.19 Human Capital Factors (Q 3.2.1–Q 3.2.4)
• 7.1.20 Benefit to Units (Q 3.3)
• 7.1.21 SEZ: Multiplier Effects (Q 3.4.1–Q 3.4.5)
• 7.1.22 SEZ Units: Connection with DTA (Q 3.5)
• 7.1.23 Competition with Other Units (Q 3.6)
• Section Four: Demographic (Q 4.1–Q 4.7)
• 7.1.24 Average Age of Workers (Q 4.1)
• 7.1.25 Average Number of Dependants (Q 4.2)
• 7.1.26 Single Wage Earner (Q 4.3)
• 7.1.27 Dwelling Place (Q 4.4)
• 7.1.28 Population Type (Q 4.5)
• 7.1.29 Income Level of Nearby Families (Q 4.6)
• Section Five: Housing (Q 5.2.1–Q 5.2.7)
• 7.1.30 Housing-Related Social Factors (Q 5.2.1–Q 5.2.7)
• Section Six: Other Local Services (Q 6.1.1–Q 6.1.11)
• 7.1.31 Social Factors (Q 6.1.1–Q 6.1.11)
• Section Seven: Social Impact (Q 7.1–Q 7.15)
• 7.1.32 Female Employees: Family Head (Q 7.1–Q 7.3)
• 7.1.33 Female to Male Worker Ratio (Q 7.4)
• 7.1.34 Labour Audits/Compliance (Q 7.5)
• 7.1.35 Women Employees (Marital Status) (Q 7.6)
• 7.1.36 Employees Absenteeism (Q 7.7)
• 7.1.37 Women-Centric Camps/Meetings (Q 7.8)
• 7.1.38 SEZ Impact: Social Objectives (Q 7.9.1–Q 7.9.8)
• 7.1.39 Women Protection in SEZ (Q 7.10–Q 7.15)
• Section Eight: Socio-Economic Impact (Q 8.1.1–Q 8.3.4)
• 7.1.40 Impact on Socio-Economic Status (Q 8.1.1)
• 7.1.41 Economic Drivers (Q 8.2.2)
• 7.1.42 Industry-Type Skill Mapping (Q 8.3.1–Q 8.3.4)
• Section Nine: Type of Drivers (Q 9.1.1–Q 9.1.10)
• 7.1.43 Drivers: Impact on SEZs (Q 9.1.1–Q 9.1.10)
• 7.2 Statistical Analysis of Responses from SEZs Units
• 7.2.1 Introduction
• 7.2.2 Analysis of Different Models
• 7.2.2.1 Economic Impact (Q 2.7)
• 7.2.2.2 Indirect Economic Impact (Q 3.4.–Q 3.6)
• 7.2.2.3 Housing Impact (Q 5.2.1–Q 5.2.7)
• 7.2.2.4 Other Local Services Impact (Q 6)
• 7.2.2.5 Social Impact (Q 7)
• 7.2.2.6 Type of Drivers: Impact on SEZs (Q 9)
• 7.2.3 Models Summary
• 7.2.4 Network
• 7.2.5 Importance of Socio-Economic Factors
• 7.2.6 Final Model
• Segment II Socio-Economic Impact of SEZs in Gujarat: From the Perspective of Developers
• 7.3 Analysis of Responses from the Developers (Descriptive and Statistical)
• 7.3.1 Introduction
• 7.3.2 Data Collection
• Section One: General Information (Q 1.1–Q 1.6)
• 7.3.3 SEZ Developer 1 (SEZD1)
• 7.3.4 SEZ Developer 2 (SEZD2)
• 7.3.5 SEZ Developer 3 (SEZD3)
• 7.3.6 SEZ Developer 4 (SEZD4)
• 7.3.7 SEZ Developer 5 (SEZD5)
• Section Two: SEZs: Business Models (Q 2.1 & Q 2.2)
• 7.3.8 Business Model Analysis (Q 2.1 & Q 2.2)
• Section Three: Social Impact (Q 4.1–Q 4.4)
• 7.3.9 Social Impact Analysis (Q 4.1–Q 4.4)
• Section Four: Economic Impact (Q 5.1–Q 5.3)
• 7.3.10 Economic Impact Analysis (Q 5)
• Section Five: Micro-, Small- and Medium-Size Business (Q 7.1–Q 7.3)
• 7.3.11 Promotion of MSME in SEZs
• Part II Case Study
• 7.4 Case Study: Cross Cases Contrast
• 7.4.1 Unit A
• 7.4.2 Unit B
• 7.4.3 Unit C
• 7.4.4 Unit D
• 7.4.5 Unit E
• 7.4.6 Unit F
• 7.4.7 Cross Cases Contrast Analysis
• Section One: Organization Change and SEZs
• 7.4.7.1 Organization Culture: SEZs (Q 1.1–Q 1.2.12)
• 7.4.7.2 Work Style (Q 1.3)
• 7.4.7.3 Quality Programmes (Q 1.4)
• Section Two: Opportunity Identification (Q 2.1–Q 2.6)
• 7.4.7.4 Promising Sectors in SEZs (Q 2.1)
• 7.4.7.5 Parameters for SEZs Opportunity (Q 2.2)
• 7.4.7.6 Digital Technologies and SEZs (Q 2.3)
• 7.4.7.7 Scope of New Technologies in SEZs (Q 2.4)
• 7.4.7.8 Functional Level of Application of New Technologies (Q 2.5)
• 7.4.7.9 Value Chain and Proposition (Q 2.6)
• Section Three: Strategic Reforms (Q 3.1–Q 3.6)
• 7.4.7.10 Competitive Advantage over Other SEZs Outside India (Q 3.1)
• 7.4.7.11 Strategic Resources and Competencies (Q 3.2)
• 7.4.7.12 SEZs and Dynamic Economics (Q 3.3)
• 7.4.7.13 New Approaches to Strategic Management (Q 3.5)
• Part III Validation
• 7.5 Validation of Research Proposal Framework
• 7.5.1 Validation of Socio-Economic Indicators
• 7.6 Synopsis
• 8 Conclusion and Recommendation
• 8.1 Major Findings and Outcome
• 8.2 Research Conclusion
• 8.3 Research Recommendation
• 8.3.1 Relevant to Units in SEZs
• 8.3.2 Relevant to SEZs Developers (Stakeholders)
• 8.3.3 Relevant to Central/Gujarat/Other State Governments
• 8.3.3.1 Central Government
• 8.3.3.2 Gujarat State Government
• 8.3.3.3 Other State Governments
• 8.3.4 Relevant to Students/Academia/Research Institutions
• 8.3.5 Managerial Implications
• 9 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research
• 9.1 Research Limitations
• 9.2 Scope for Future Research
• Bibliography
• Index