‹Speaking› Quotation Marks
Toward a Multimodal Analysis of Quoting Verbatim in English
Summary
Excerpt
Table Of Contents
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the author
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- Part I: Theoretical Foundations
- 1 Quoting Verbatim in Public Speech
- 2 Grounding Quotations
- 2.1 ‘Received’ Regards on Quotations in Writing
- 2.2 Zeroing in: Quoting in Speech
- 3 Framing Quotations
- 3.1 The Data Base and Principles of its Selection
- 3.2 Reconstructing the Causal Dynamics of Quoting
- 3.2.1 General Attention, Force Dynamics, and Gradience
- 3.2.2 Trigger, Target, and Concomitant
- 3.3 Advancing beyond the Verbal Repertoire
- 3.3.1 The Vocal Dimension
- 3.3.2 The Kinesic Dimension
- 3.4 Principles and Parameters of a Multimodal Analysis
- Part II: The Case Studies
- 4 Verbalizing Quotation Marks: Quote and its Variants
- 4.1 Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Dianne Feinstein’s Report
- 4.2 Do Quotation Marks Really Matter?
- 4.3 An Academic Talk: Cognitive Psychologist Steven Pinker on Free Speech
- 4.4 Political Speeches: Barack Obama Announcing Another Voice
- 4.5 The ‘Political’ Noam Chomsky: Diversities in Quoting Verbatim
- 5 Quotation Marks across Media and Modalities
- 5.1 Quotation Marks in a Slide Show: Steven Pinker
- 5.2 A Quotation’s Medial History: A Basketball Score
- 5.3 ‘Doing’ Quotation Marks: John McCain, Steven Pinker, and Hillary Clinton
- 6 Versatile Say: From Reporting to Animating Another Voice
- 6.1 The Canonical Model in a Political Context: Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and Michelle Obama
- 6.2 ‘Launching’ Another Voice: Hillary Clinton
- 6.3 Re-enacting Voices: Michelle Obama, Bill Clinton, and Oprah Winfrey
- 7 … and Back Again: Growing up – Be Like in Interviews
- 7.1 Miley Cyrus on The Tonight Show
- 7.2 Serena Williams at Two U.S. Open Press Conferences
- 7.3 Jake Clemons’ Testimony
- 7.4 Hillary Clinton – A Political Statement
- 8 Suppressing the Other Voice
- 8.1 Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Second and Third Inaugurals
- 8.2 John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural
- 8.3 Michelle Obama – A Recent Example
- 9 The Prevailing Hegemony of the Verbal Domain
- References
Martina Lampert
‘Speaking’ Quotation Marks
Toward a Multimodal Analysis of Quoting Verbatim in English
Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche
Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in
the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic
data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
ISBN 978‐3‐631‐59996-9 (Print) ∙ E‐ISBN 978-3-631-74773-5 (E-PDF)
E-ISBN 978‐3‐631‐74774‐2 (EPUB) ∙ E‐ISBN 978-3‐631‐74775‐9 (MOBI)
DOI 10.3726/b.13406
© Peter Lang GmbH
Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
Berlin 2018
All rights reserved.
Peter Lang – Berlin · Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙
Oxford · Warszawa · Wien
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This publication has been peer reviewed.
About the author
Martina Lampert teaches English Linguistics at the JGU Mainz, Germany. She is the author of Attention and Recombinance: A Cognitive-Semantic Investigation into Morphological Compositionality in English and co-author of Linking up Cognitive Systems in Language: Attention and Force Dynamics.
About the book
This book offers in-depth qualitative case studies of 70 acts of quoting verbatim performed by 16 U.S. speakers across a range of public settings. While their written versions unequivocally index the other voice via quotation marks, the video data drawn from the internet largely lack any non-verbal cues. Contrary to expectation, the quotations’ verbatimness is hardly ever translated into the gradient media: It neither stands out by vocal parameters (pauses, pitch, or intensity) when analyzed acoustically with Praat; nor are (manual) gestures, shift of gaze, or body posture called on to serve as regular discriminating quoting practices. In general, the other voice is effectively found backgrounded, if not suppressed, in its oral performance, unless explicitly introduced by a digital quotative.
This eBook can be cited
This edition of the eBook can be cited. To enable this we have marked the start and end of a page. In cases where a word straddles a page break, the marker is placed inside the word at exactly the same position as in the physical book. This means that occasionally a word might be bifurcated by this marker.
Contents
Part I: Theoretical Foundations
1 Quoting Verbatim in Public Speech
2.1 ‘Received’ Regards on Quotations in Writing
2.2 Zeroing in: Quoting in Speech
3.1 The Data Base and Principles of its Selection
3.2 Reconstructing the Causal Dynamics of Quoting
3.2.1 General Attention, Force Dynamics, and Gradience
3.2.2 Trigger, Target, and Concomitant
3.3 Advancing beyond the Verbal Repertoire
3.4 Principles and Parameters of a Multimodal Analysis
4 Verbalizing Quotation Marks: Quote and its Variants
4.1 Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Dianne Feinstein’s Report
4.2 Do Quotation Marks Really Matter?
4.3 An Academic Talk: Cognitive Psychologist Steven Pinker on Free Speech
4.4 Political Speeches: Barack Obama Announcing Another Voice
4.5 The ‘Political’ Noam Chomsky: Diversities in Quoting Verbatim ←7 | 8→
5 Quotation Marks across Media and Modalities
5.1 Quotation Marks in a Slide Show: Steven Pinker
5.2 A Quotation’s Medial History: A Basketball Score
5.3 ‘Doing’ Quotation Marks: John McCain, Steven Pinker, and Hillary Clinton
6 Versatile Say: From Reporting to Animating Another Voice
6.1 The Canonical Model in a Political Context: Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and Michelle Obama
6.2 ‘Launching’ Another Voice: Hillary Clinton
6.3 Re-enacting Voices: Michelle Obama, Bill Clinton, and Oprah Winfrey
7 … and Back Again: Growing up – Be Like in Interviews
7.1 Miley Cyrus on The Tonight Show
7.2 Serena Williams at Two U.S. Open Press Conferences
7.4 Hillary Clinton – A Political Statement
8.1 Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Second and Third Inaugurals
8.2 John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural
8.3 Michelle Obama – A Recent Example
9 The Prevailing Hegemony of the Verbal Domain
References ←8 | 9→
1 Quoting Verbatim in Public Speech
This book centers on the query of how speakers flag quotations as verbatim; or, to allude to the Bakhtinian notion of voice, how they convey to their audience that another voice is speaking.
For written language, the answer is (quite) straightforward: Quotation marks have long been conventionalized to delimit a segment of text at either end, to index that the extract enclosed in these non-alphabetical figural devices exactly reproduces an original. That is, the selected sequence is dissociated from its prior context and relocated to a novel linguistic environment, in fact ‘disrupting’ the current narrative, and such shift of voices is (expected to be) unequivocally acknowledged. Quotation marks, then, serve the exclusive function to draw readers’ attention to the text fragment they embrace and, at the same time, foreground its specific selection of morphemes in their particular sequence – irrespective of whether the citation is real, feigned, or imagined (cf. Ehmer 2011).
In spoken language, such unequivocal option is generally unavailable – even if, occasionally, speakers call on a manual gesture, ‘drawing’ quotation marks in the air, or frame a quotation with a verbal formula such as quote … end quote. Yet – and importantly so – no prescribed strategy exists for speech that would compensate for the paired figural elements to set two voices apart and still generate the same unambiguous and discriminative perceptual effect while crediting the other voice a comparable degree of salience.
In light of this state of affairs the present study inevitably invites a perspective that addresses, scrutinizes, and eventually accounts for all potential resources that speakers have at their disposal to signal the verbatimness of a quotation in the oral-aural-visual medium. To this end, authentic episodes of quoting will be inspected as to whether experienced native American speakers (in public), guided by their manuscripts, will functionalize non-verbal devices – and if so, which – to represent the quotation marks: the vocal dynamics of prosody, manifesting in pause patterns, pitch contours, and variations in intensity, as well as the repertoire of the various “utterance visible bodily actions” (Kendon 2004). In the course of this inquiry, I will specifically zero in on the medial transduction of another voice (in the sense of Kress 1997), closely examining acts of quoting verbatim at the interface of writing and speech in an array of spoken public settings. In essence, then, this book, conceived as a programmatic and explorative investigation, will outline a prospective – and quite comprehensive, it seems – agenda, subscribing to such an uncompromisingly multimodal approach to language use. In this intro←11 | 12→ ductory chapter, I will address in turn the various aspects and distinct dimensions relevant to the study of quoting verbatim in speech.
To begin with, in view of this objective, I will (have to) synthesize various disjoint lines of research into one research project: Sharing the current interest of linguists from diverse schools of thought in multimodality and -mediality referred to below, I conceive quoting verbatim in speech as a communicative act that will – at least potentially – recruit multiple resources from the verbal, vocal, and visual modes of communication; and, paying respect to such criterially integrative nature of speech as a multimodal gestalt, this study aims at decisively balancing out the dimensions involved in these discourse environments without initially privileging one modality over the other(s). Specifically, I will explore the variability in and the extent to which speakers call on the various semiotic options to index another voice in public settings of (different degrees of) interactiveness.
In the context of this book, the concept of mode or modality refers to the different sensory-perceptual categories in which linguistic signs encode information – the visual, the auditory, and the kinesic. And spoken language, or speech, is understood in a fairly comprehensive sense: It will cover the entire spectrum of oral communication, from the canonical encounters of casual face-to-face conversations, which are now (all too) often metonymically taken to represent the oral-aural-visual linguistic subsystem in general, to the various specimens of ‘spoken prose,’ that is, for instance, monologic performances of scripted text in institutionalized settings.
In many respects, my investigation is, theoretically and methodologically, compatible with the developing strand of multimodal interaction analysis (see, e.g., Mondada 2016 for a recent overview), which capitalizes on an integrative perspective that pays respect to the various modalities specifically in contexts of high interactiveness, while at the same time voicing its critique of reductionist approaches that indeed laid the claim on multimodality, but in fact have fallen short of offering a balanced account of the intriguing configurations the different modalities are seen to enter in (cf. very explicitly Deppermann & Schmidt 2007). Likewise, this book also shares some common ground with the emerging branch of multimediality research, whose central focus is on the integration, or rather blending, of different media (see, e.g., Steen & Turner 2013).
My study, then, positions itself at the interface of conversation analysis with its focus on the individual speaker and its turn toward ethnographic methodology; and it is, in its basic orientation toward qualitative microanalysis (cf. Bavelas et al. 2016) and case studies of individual speakers, especially sympathetic with a specific variant of third-wave sociolinguistics, Barbara Johnstone’s (2013) linguistics←12 | 13→ of particularity. And in line with this strand of research, I embrace the concern for authenticity of the linguistic material, ruling out any staged or elicited forms of spoken communication as a valid data base (see, in more detail, Chapter 3.1). Based on these initial assumptions and extending as well as elaborating on several previous small-scale studies on the multimodal implications of quotatives, my prime conceptual concern is now to more comprehensively probe into the underlying principle(s) of such multimodal integration, facing the notorious variability of quoting as an ultimately pervasive but essentially elusive concept in communication (see, for a recent and highly informative account, Finnegan 2011).
Details
- Pages
- 396
- Publication Year
- 2018
- ISBN (PDF)
- 9783631747735
- ISBN (ePUB)
- 9783631747742
- ISBN (MOBI)
- 9783631747759
- ISBN (Hardcover)
- 9783631599969
- DOI
- 10.3726/b13406
- Language
- English
- Publication date
- 2018 (June)
- Keywords
- Spoken Language Written Language Cognitive Semantics Prosody Kinesics Quotatives
- Published
- Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2018. 396 pp., 99 fig. b/w, 64 tables
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