New Approaches in Media and Communication

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List of Contributors

Teresa de la Hera, Assistant Professor at Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication.

Tamás Bokor, Adjunct Professor at Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute of Behavioural Sciences and Communication Theory.

Guido Franzinetti, Professor at University of Eastern Piedmont, Faculty of Political Science.

Mari-Carmen Caldeiro-Pedreira, PhD at University of Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Teacher Training.

Dejana Prnjat, Professor at University of Novi Sad, Academy of Arts.

Aslı Favaro, Assistant Professor at Ege University, Faculty of Communication.

Berna Arslan, Assistant Professor at Mersin University, Faculty of Communication.

Erhan Arslan, Assistant Professor at Mersin University, Faculty of Communication.

Taner Sezer, Lecturer at Mersin University, Faculty of Communication.

Birol Büyükdoğan, Lecturer at KTO Karatay University, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences.

Can Diker, Assistant Professor at Üsküdar University, Faculty of Communication.

Senem Ayşe Duruel Erkılıç, Professor at Mersin University, Faculty of Communication.

Recep Ünal, Assistant Professor at Mersin University, Faculty of Communication.

Emre İdacıtürk, Lecturer at Antalya AKEV University, Department of Graphics Design.

Eda Sezerer Albayrak, Assistant Professor at KTO Karatay University, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences. ← 9 | 10 →

Fatma Çakmak, Lecturer at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, A.S.M.K. Vocational School of Higher Education.

Gökhan Evecen, Lecturer at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Communication.

İsmail Ayşad Güdekli, Associate Professor at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Communication.

Gül Esra Atalay, Assistant Professor at Üsküdar University, Faculty of Communication.

Hakkı Akgün, Research Assistant at Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Communication.

İlknur Aydoğdu Karaaslan, Assistant Professor at Ege University, Faculty of Communication.

Kevser Akyol Oktan, Research Assistant at Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Communication.

Ahmet Oktan, Assistant Professor at Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Communication.

Meltem Gönden, Assistant Professor at Sakarya University, Faculty of Communication.

Onur Ertürk, Research Assistant at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Communication.

Özge Uğurlu Akbaş, Assistant Professor at Üsküdar University, Faculty of Communication.

Perihan Taş Öz, Assistant Professor at İstanbul Kültür University, Faculty of Communication.

Şebnem Soygüder Baturlar, Associate Professor at Ege University, Faculty of Communication.

Ali Fikret Aydın, Lecturer at Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon Vocational School of Higher Education.

Tülin Çakır, Assistant Professor at Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon Vocational School of Higher Education. ← 10 | 11 →

Meryem Salar, Research Assistant at Kastamonu University, Faculty of Communication.

Birgül Taşdelen, Assistant Professor at Anadolu University, Faculty of Communication Sciences.

Ferihan Ayaz, Research Assistant at Anadolu University, Institute of Social Sciences.

Gözdenur Coşkun, Lecturer at Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin Vocational School of Higher Education.

Mustafa Sami Mencet, Assistant Professor at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Communication.

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List of Tables

Tab. 7.1: Tranformations from print to online newspapers (Boczkowski, 2004: 65)

Tab. 7.2: Structured Data

Tab. 7.3: Keyword Selection Types upon Frequency Lists

Tab. 7.4: Lemma query with first person singular marker

Tab. 7.5: Lemma query with first person plural marker

Tab. 7.6: Lemma queries with non-emotional verbs

Tab. 7.7: Distribution of positive and negative usages of the verb sevmek (to love)

Tab. 8.1: Distribution of News According to Newspapers

Tab. 8.2: Distribution of News According to Topics

Tab. 8.3: Distribution of Topics According to Newspapers

Tab. 8.4: Distribution of News According to Approaches

Tab. 8.5: Distribution of the Approaches According to Topics

Tab. 12.1: Age Range of Participants

Tab. 12.2: Occupational Distributions of Participants

Tab. 12.3: Distributions of Learning Status of Participants

Tab. 12.4: Distribution of Participants’ Lives

Tab. 12.5: How Women are Represented

Tab. 13.1: What kind of feeling did the movie evoke in you?

Tab. 13.2: What character did you feel most intensely for?

Tab. 13.3: What genre do you think this movie is?

Tab. 13.4: What does the film depict?

Tab. 13.5: What did the movie make you think in general?

Tab. 13.6: Who do you think are the victims in this film? By who are they victimized? Are you convinced of this? ← 13 | 14 →

Tab. 13.7: What are the imagery in the film that attract your attention first?

Tab. 13.8: What do you think is the main idea of the film?

Tab. 13.9: What is the scene that affects you the most?

Tab. 13.10: Who is your favourite character in the movie, why?

Tab. 13.11: What do you think is the focus of the movie?

Tab. 13.12: What do you think of the photos and explanations shown at the end of the film? Are you convinced that these are real?

Tab. 13.13: What do you think is the American journalist “Chris” in the film?

Tab. 13.14: How would you describe the leading character, Michael?

Tab. 13.15: How would you describe the character, Ana, in the movie?

Tab. 13.16: How would you describe the character, Emre, in the film?

Tab. 13.17: At the end of the movie, how do you think the Armenians were saved and by whom?

Tab. 13.18: Who do you feel sad about in the film?

Tab. 13.19: What do you think about the Turks in the movie?

Tab. 14.1: Historical Development Adventure of Instagram

Tab. 14.2: Table of Participants’ Information

Tab. 15.1: Means and Standard Deviations for Likert-type questions

Tab. 15.2: The comparison of university students and high school students in terms of their ratings on Likert-type questions.

Tab. 17.1: Compared Official and Only Online Newspapers In Terms of Design

Tab. 17.2: Compared Official and Only Online Newspapers In Terms of Design

Tab. 20.1: Participants’ Demographic Characteristics

Tab. 20.2: Participants’ Income Levels

Tab. 20.3: Participants’ Internet and Social Media Usage ← 14 | 15 →

Tab. 20.4: Participants’ Choices for Following Phenomena in Social Media

Tab. 21.1: Components of Reputation, Emotional Attractiveness, Public Relations and its Effects on Industrial Football

Tab. 21.2: Attractiveness Components Used in the Campaign Film and PR Targets

Tab. 24.1: Comparing of the 6Cs of Corporate Marketing with the 11Ps (Balmer & Greyser, 2006:736)

Tab. 24.2: Corporate Marketing Mix with 8Cs (adapted from Balmer, 2011: 1334–1337)

Tab. 25.1: Journalists

Tab. 25.2: Journalist / Tweet Time (f)

Tab. 25.3: Journalist / Nature of Tweets (f)

Tab. 25.4: Nature of Tweets and Journalist relation (f)

Tab. 25.5: Journalist/ Tone of the Tweets (f)

Tab. 25.6: Journalist / Language-Expression relation (f)

Tab. 25.7: Relationship between Journalist / Perspective (f)

Tab. 25.8: Journalist / Tweet style relationship (f)

Tab. 25.9: Relationship between journalist / visual number (f)

Tab. 25.10: Journalist / Visual Quality Relation (f)

Tab. 25.11: Issues most frequently handled by journalists (f)

Tab. 25.12: Content most discussed by journalists (f)

Tab. 26.1: Twitter Images, Image Info & Interpretations

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List of Figures

Fig. 1.1: Relationships between advergame’s actors. Source: author’s design

Fig. 5.1: Time to reach 50 million users (Source: https://www.dartmouth.edu/~dcomin/index_files/wsj.pdf, Retrieved on 11.08.2018)

Fig. 5.2: Global Map of Literacy Rates (UN Human Development Report 2011) (Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/1g4aqy/global_map_of_literacy_rates_un_human_development/, Retrieved on 11.08.2018)

Fig. 7.1: A typology of online journalisms (Deuze, 2003:205)

Fig. 7.2: Concordance View

Fig. 7.3: Collocations for the word memory restricted to 1998

Fig. 7.4: Collocations for the word memory restricted to 2016

Fig. 7.5: TS Columns Corpus Distribution Table

Fig. 10.1: One of the posts from the Instagram account called Instamemorials

Fig. 10.2: One of the posts of an Instagram user using tags and filter related with space, memory and emotion (Commone and Potton, 2018)

Fig. 16.1: Yaşar Erdinç Twitter

Fig. 16.2: Yaşar Erdinç Twitter - 2

Fig. 16.3: Yaşar Erdinç Twitter - 3

Fig. 16.4: Halil Buhur Twitter - 1

Fig. 16.5: Halil Buhur Twitter - 2

Fig. 16.6: Halil Buhur Twitter - 3

Fig. 16.7: Murat Bekar Twitter - 1

Fig. 16.8: Murat Bekar Twitter - 2

Fig. 16.9: Murat Bekar Twitter - 3 ← 17 | 18 →

Fig. 20.1: ‘New’ Dimensions of Citizenship

Fig. 21.1: The Come to Beşiktaş Campaign Transfer Publicity Films & Footballer Images (Kutlu, 2018)

Fig. 21.2: The Come to Beşiktaş Campaign with the philosophy of Rumi (Kutlu, 2018)

Fig. 23.1: Jan van Eyck, “The Arnolfini Portrait”, 1434, (Gallery in Tell, 2013)

Fig. 23.2: Parmigianino, “Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror”, 1524 (Resim Biterken, 2014)

Fig. 23.3: Diego Velazquez, “Las Meninas” (The Maids of Honour), 1656 (Moss, 2013)

Fig. 23.4: Robert Cornelius, Self-portrait, 1839 (STAPP, 1984: book cover photograph)

Fig. 23.5: Hippolyte Bayard, Self Portrait as a Drowned Man, 1840. (JEFFREY, 1997: 42)

Fig. 23.6: Vivian Maier, Self-portrait, 18.10.1953, New York, (Bunyan, 2014)

Fig. 23.7: The first photo tagged #selfie belongs to a woman, 2011

Fig. 23.8: Ellen DeGeneres, the 86^th Academy Awards Ceremony, 02.03.2014. (Hürriyet, 05.03.2014)

Fig. 23.9: Examples of duck face selfies (MeMe, n.d.)

Fig. 23.10: The selfie posted on Instagram by Barack Obama, the former President of the USA and Joe Biden, the former Vice President, (The Telegraph, 2012)

Fig. 24.1: McDonald’s Japan Packages Using QR Codes (Dou and Li, 2008: 65)

Fig. 24.2: Bike Off’s Campaign in Japan using QR codes (Dou & Li, 2008: 65)

Fig. 24.3: Pegasus Airlines in Turkey using QR Code (https://www.flypgs.com, 12.06.2017)

Fig. 24.4: TCCD Transportation Services using QR Code

Fig. 24.5: Türkiye İş Bankası using QR code in Withdraw Money Transactions (https://www.isbank.com.tr, 13.06.2017)

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Part I: International Perspectives on Digital Communication

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Teresa de la Hera¹