Byzantine Architects, Builders, and Stonemasons in Latin Europe in the 10 to 12 Centuries

The article concerns the issue of Byzantine architects, builders, and stone masons in Latin Europe in the tenth to twelfth centuries. The heart of the conducted analysis is the participation of builders from the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) in erecting particular buildings in the countries of Latin Europe. The authors referred to Byzantine builders’ activities in Reich (Paderborn and probably in Cologne), Italy (Venice, Monte Cassino), and Hungary.