Cultural Development in China, 1978–2018

Table Of Contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Figures
• Tables
• CHAPTER 1 Cultural Development in China in the Past 40 Years (Hu Zhengrong and Li Jidong)
• 1. Development Philosophies Under Change
• 2. Stages in China’s Cultural Development
• 2.1. Exploring a development path for socialist culture with Chinese characteristics and taking economic development as the central task (1978–1992)
• 2.2. Launching the structural reform of the cultural sector and building a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics (1992–2002)
• 2.3. Striving for a balanced development of both cultural programs and industries, building a great socialist culture, and enhancing China’s culture-generated soft power (2002–2012)
• 2.4. Cultivating a high degree of cultural self-confidence and stepping into a new stage of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics (2012 to present)
• 3. Major Achievements and Breakthroughs
• 3.1. The structural reform has been steadfastly deepened in the cultural sector, and a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics built up
• 3.2. A sound system of public cultural services has been basically established and a China experience and China model forged for public cultural services
• 3.3. The modern cultural market system has grown mature, and investment in the cultural sector has maintained a strong momentum
• 3.4. Preservation and utilization of traditional cultural heritage has generated new values in a modern context, thanks to investment and cooperation programs
• 3.5. Foreign cultural trade has been thriving, and a unique path of promoting development through opening up has been established
• 3.6. Pattern of international cultural exchange has been established, in which international cultural exchange activities, under the auspices of the highest level of the state, would be conducted by both public institutions and civil organizations
• 4. Trend and Outlook
• 4.1. Be commitment to the people-centered philosophy of development
• 4.2. Uphold innovative development and creative transformation
• 4.3. The trend of all sectors of society being actively involved in independent innovation has prevailed
• 4.4. The cultural market may be monopolized in the future
• 4.5. Culture and science and technology have been highly integrated
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• CHAPTER 2 Structural Reform and Policy Evolution (Qi Yongfeng and Huang Wei)
• 1. Emergence (1978–1992)
• 1.1. Reform and opening up has created new demands for the cultural structural reform
• 1.2. Cultural structural reform began
• 1.2.1. Emergence of the advertising industry and cultural entertainment industry
• 1.2.2. Start of the structural reform of the publishing and distribution sector
• 1.2.3. Trial of market-oriented operation in state-owned cultural institutions
• 1.2.4. Engagement of governments at four levels in developing the broadcasting network
• 1.2.5. Access for private capitals into the operation of art troupes
• 1.2.6. Transformation of cultural investment mechanism under national fiscal system
• 2. Exploration (1993–2002)
• 2.1. Growing awareness
• 2.2. Exploration
• 2.2.1. Organization of state-owned conglomerates
• 2.2.2. Launch of reform in public cultural institutions
• 2.2.3. Access of foreign investment to China’s cultural market and publishing and distribution sector
• 2.2.4. Implementation and improvement of economic policies on the development of the cultural sector
• 3. Pilot (2003–2006)
• 3.1. Theoretical breakthroughs
• 3.2. Significant progress in pilot programs
• 3.2.1. Giving investors wider cultural market access to harness society’s commitment to cultural development
• 3.2.2. Reshaping market entities based on tailored guidelines
• 3.2.3. Promoting reform and development of the circulation system in the cultural market
• 3.2.4. Reforming the government’s cultural administration system by enhancing market regulation and cultural legislation
• 3.2.5. Improving cultural policies and regulations
• 4. All-Round Advancement (2007–2008)
• 4.1. Progress
• 4.1.1. The reform was fully rolled out across the country
• 4.1.2. Economic policies on the development of the cultural sector and the structure of cultural industries were further improved
• 4.1.3. New progress was made in the reform of the publication system
• 4.1.4. New breakthroughs were made in enhancing cultural industries through the capital market
• 4.1.5. Practical progress was made in acquiring financial support from banks for cultural industries
• 4.1.6. The Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment (2007 Revision) was launched to regulate investment activities conducted by foreign investors in China’s cultural industries
• 5. Refined Development (2009–2012)
• 5.1. Requiring that cultural industries be a pillar of national economy
• 5.2. Promoting the great development and flourishing of socialist culture
• 5.3. Developing a great socialist culture
• 6. In-Depth Development (2013 to Present)
• 6.1. General framework of the reform has been established by steering the reform in the right direction based on the guiding principles embodied in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s speeches
• 6.2. Developing a sound institutional mechanism that integrates social effects and economic benefits with achieving social effects staying as the top priority
• 6.3. Developing a media communication pattern in which the media would give correct guidance to the public and develop in an integrated manner, by tapping into to the prevailing trend of media development
• 6.4. Inspiring cultural innovation to drive the ongoing and healthy development of cultural industries
• 6.5. Addressing cultural gaps to provide basic public cultural services in a standard and equitable way
• 6.6. Speeding up the implementation of the “go global” strategy by better communicating to the world China’s stories and increasing the international influence of Chinese culture
• CHAPTER 3 Supplying Public Cultural Services (Wu Licai and Xie Shengli)
• 1. Achievements
• 1.1. The top-level design has been undergoing improvements, and the system of public cultural services has been evolving
• 1.2. The guarantee mechanism for funds and personnel supporting public cultural services has been established to ensure the steady input of human and material resources
• 1.3. Infrastructure for public cultural services has been further enhanced, leading to a relatively integrated network of services
• 1.4. The diversified supply system of public cultural services has been established, resulting in more effective public cultural services
• 1.4.1. Diversified suppliers
• 1.4.2. Diversified content
• 1.4.3. Diversified supply methods
• 2. Outlook
• 2.1. Accelerating the construction of the modern system for public cultural services with the commitment to a people-centered approach
• 2.2. Improving the governance functionality of public cultural services and promoting a harmonious society through cultural governance
• 2.3. Staying true to the “Culture Plus” vision to facilitate multi-dimensional innovation of public cultural services and foster the cross-fertilization and integration of economy, culture and society
• 2.4. Providing world-class public cultural services and strengthening the confidence in China’s culture through cultural exchange
• Bibliography
• CHAPTER 4 Protection of Cultural Heritage (Shan Jixiang)
• 1. Achievements
• 1.1. Groundwork has been advanced, resulting in an increasingly strong capacity in protecting cultural heritage
• 1.1.1. A more comprehensive legal system for cultural relics protection
• 1.1.2. Effective results made in the survey and registration of cultural relics
• 1.1.3. More consolidated guarantee mechanism for cultural relics security
• 1.1.4. Larger talent pool for cultural relics protection
• 1.1.5. Increasingly prominent role of science and technology as the driver and pillar factor
• 1.1.6. Success application of information technology in the sector
• 1.2. Protection of immovable cultural relics has seen great achievements beneficial to the public
• 1.2.1. More support for the protection of cultural relics
• 1.2.2. Archaeological breakthroughs
• 1.2.3. Success in the inclusion in the World Heritage List
• 1.3. The museums have flourished, bringing about evidently enhanced comprehensive social benefits
• 1.3.1. Increasingly improved museum system
• 1.3.2. Progress in preservation of collections
• 1.3.3. Prominently improved social effects and its integration with economic benefits
• 1.3.4. Increasing free access
• 1.4. Great achievements have been made in international exchange and breakthroughs in foreign affairs regarding cultural relics
• 1.4.1. Deepened intergovernmental exchange and cooperation
• 1.4.2. Increasingly close exchange and cooperation with international organizations
• 1.4.3. More frequent and meaningful entry and exit of cultural relics for exhibition
• 1.4.4. More integrated China-Foreign philosophy on cultural heritage protection
• 1.5. Civil society has played an active role in collecting cultural relics, which served as a catalyst for the healthy development of cultural relics market
• 1.5.1. Well-regulated administration over cultural relics market
• 1.5.2. Enhanced review of entry and exit of cultural relics
• 1.5.3. Progress in rescuing lost cultural relics
• 1.6. The public has been more and more involved in cultural heritage protection, with the vision to protect has gained wider acceptance
• 1.6.1. Increasing input in funds for cultural relics protection
• 1.6.2. Stronger social organizations on museology
• 1.6.3. Effective development of cultural relics resources
• 1.6.4. Unfolding promotion of cultural heritage
• 2. Basic Experience
• 2.1. Balancing “protection” and “utilization”
• 2.2. Putting the people first
• 2.2.1. Encouraging the people to do their best in protecting cultural heritage
• 2.2.2. Benefiting the people through shared achievements of cultural heritage protection
• 2.3. Focusing on facilitating the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture
• 2.4. Strengthening people-to-people exchange between China and foreign countries to joint build a community with a shared future for mankind
• CHAPTER 5 Cultural Industries (Fan Zhou)
• 1. Overview of Development
• 1.1. Nascent phase (1978–1991)
• 1.1.1. The cultural market emerged, and entertainment cultural consumption arose
• 1.1.2. Transformation of cultural public institutions into enterprises
• 1.1.3. Evolvement of ideology concerning culture
• 1.2. Initial Form (1992–2001)
• 1.2.1. The cultural structural reform was rolled out systematically
• 1.2.2. Cultural industries expanded in scale and saw spontaneous growth
• 1.2.3. Markets of cultural factors emerged
• 1.3. Rapid expansion (2002–2011)
• 1.3.1. The concept of “cultural industry” was officially introduced
• 1.3.2. The cultural structural reform progressed smoothly and achieved good results
• 1.3.3. Modern cultural market system was further established
• 1.4. All-round improvement (2012 to present)
• 1.4.1. Major adjustments have been made to the ownership pattern of cultural industries
• 1.4.2. Cultural industries become a pillar of national economy
• 1.4.3. Cultural and technological innovation has sped up, and the structure of cultural industries has continuously improved
• 1.4.4. Cultural industries have transitioned to become larger in scale and more intensive
• 2. Overview of Achievements
• 2.1. Rise and fall of press and publishing
• 2.1.1. Initial development: the emancipation of minds and diversification of content
• 2.1.2. Further development: marketization and industrialization
• 2.1.3. Deepening reform: technological innovation and “going global”
• 2.1.4. Industrial transformation: opportunities and challenges
• 2.2. Development, reform, and prosperity of radio and television
• 2.2.1. Infancy: the “four-level system” as a new starting point
• 2.2.2. Deepening reform: “conglomerate” as a new direction of development
• 2.2.3. Impact of technology: new trends of “digitalization”
• 2.3. Development and breakthrough of animation
• 2.3.1. Making sales plan based on production quotas: prosperity
• 2.3.2. Being market-oriented: depression
• 2.3.3. Exerting the role of industrial policies: recovery
• 2.3.4. Being market-oriented: a stage of prosperity
• 2.4. Attaching importance to the protection of cultural heritage
• 2.4.1. Emergence of the concept: the initial stage
• 2.4.2. Policy guarantee: systematic and law-based practice
• 2.4.3. Public participation: comprehensive development of cultural heritage protection
• 2.5. Emergence of new cultural industries
• 3. Overview of the Go Global Initiative
• 3.1. Overview
• 3.1.1. History
• 3.1.2. Policies and regulations that encourage and support international cultural trade
• 3.1.3. A number of national, international, and comprehensive platforms for cultural exchange and trade
• 3.1.4. Major achievements
• 3.2. Cultural soft power and the characteristics of the “Going-Global” initiative
• 3.3. The Belt and Road Initiative and the “go global” initiative of China’s cultural industries
• 3.4. Challenges and Prospects
• 3.4.1. Challenges
• 3.4.2. Measures and Prospects
• Bibliography
• CHAPTER 6 Reform, Opening Up, and Supply Side Market Construction—The Institutional and Capital Perspectives (Wei Pengju)
• 1. The Institutional Supply Perspective
• 1.1. The emergence of the cultural market in the context of reform and opening up and its institutional supply
• 1.2. The construction of the cultural market system with Chinese characteristics during the cultural structural reform
• 1.3. The institutional path of the construction of socialist cultural market system with Chinese characteristics
• 2. Diverse Capitals and the Construction of China’s Modern Cultural Market System
• 2.1. Interaction between the public capital and the cultural market and its effects
• 2.2. The role the non-public capital plays in constructing China’s modern cultural market system
• Conclusion: Some Reflections on Improving China’s Modern Cultural Market System in the New Times
• Bibliography
• CHAPTER 7 Cultural Consumption (Peng Yingke)
• 1. Foreword
• 2. Exploration (1978–1991)
• 2.1. Cultural consumption in total
• 2.2. Structure of cultural consumption
• 2.2.1. Urban-rural difference
• 2.2.2. Commodity structure
• 2.3. Cultural consumption-related indicators
• 2.3.1. Education background
• 2.3.2. Income level
• 2.3.3. Price index
• 2.3.4. Consumer environment
• 2.4. Summary
• 3. Initial Stage of Market Economy (1992–2001)
• 3.1. Total cultural consumption
• 3.2. Cultural consumption structure
• 3.2.1. Urban-rural structure
• 3.2.2. Commodity structure
• 3.3. Cultural consumption-related indicators
• 3.3.1. Education background
• 3.3.2. Income level
• 3.3.3. Price index
• 3.3.4. Consumer environment
• 3.4. Summary
• 4. Full Marketization (2002–2008)
• 4.1. Total cultural consumption
• 4.2. Cultural consumption structure
• 4.2.1. Urban-rural structure
• 4.2.2. Commodity structure
• 4.3. Cultural consumption-related indicators
• 4.3.1. Education background
• 4.3.2. Income level
• 4.3.3. Price index
• 4.3.4. Consumer environment
• 4.4. Summary
• 5. Strategic Development (2009–2018)
• 5.1. Total cultural consumption
• 5.2. Analysis of cultural consumption structure
• 5.2.1. Urban-rural structure
• 5.2.2. Regional structure
• 5.3. Cultural consumption-related indicators
• 5.3.1. Education background
• 5.3.2. Income level
• 5.3.3. Price index
• 5.3.4. Consumer environment
• 5.4. Cultural consumption and related policies
• 5.5. Summary
• 6. Summary
• Bibliography
• CHAPTER 8 Design, Arts, and Crafts (Yu Wei)
• 1. Foreword
• 2. Design, Arts and Crafts
• 2.1. Design
• 2.1.1. Industrial design
• 2.1.2. Visual communication design in China
• 2.1.3. Environmental design
• 2.1.4. Urban Planning
• 2.1.5. Towards a New Form of Innovative Design
• 2.2. Chinese arts and crafts
• 2.2.1. Revival (1978–1989) (Li and Hou, 2012)
• 2.2.2. Thriving (1990–1997) (Wang, 2009)
• 2.2.3. Integration and Improvement (1998–2009) (Han, 2014)
• 2.2.4. Cultural Transformation & Innovation (2010–2017)
• 3. Drivers and Conceptual Evolution of Design, Arts and Crafts
• 3.1. Drivers
• 3.1.1. Internal Causes—Domestic political, economic, social, and cultural reform in an all-round manner
• 3.1.2. External factors—The boost of Western modern design philosophies and the sweeping globalization
• 3.2. Conceptual evolution of Chinese design, arts and crafts—transformation and upgrading of philosophy
• 3.2.1. Shift in education philosophy
• 3.2.2. Shift in consumer esthetics
• 3.2.3. Shift in the philosophy of national development
• 3.2.4. Towards Innovative Design
• 4. Developments and Issues
• 4.1. Developments
• 4.1.1. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the historical dimension
• 4.1.2. Contrasts and imbalances in the geographical dimension
• 4.1.3. Ups and downs in the dimension of virtual reality (network information)
• 4.1.4. Convergence in the dimension of nature
• 4.2. Issue Analysis
• 4.2.1. Issues of Chinese Design
• 4.2.2. Issues of traditional arts and crafts
• 4.3. Countermeasures
• 4.3.1. Make an in-depth exploration of the contemporary value of traditional arts and crafts
• 4.3.2. Develop more sound policies to protect skilled personnel
• 4.3.3. Improve the intellectual property protection system
• 4.3.4. Formulate the development strategy for the arts and crafts industry
• 4.3.5. Promote design innovation
• 4.3.6. Enhance awareness of cultural globalization and cultural security
• 5. Looking Ahead
• Bibliography
• Bibliography