Utopian Variations
Utopia in Literature, Film, and Popular Culture
Summary
A small book on very big ideas. The title tells us there’ll be variety, and Sean Seeger delivers that variety not just in terms of the forms discussed but of the texts explored too. Utopian Variations is both accessible and interesting. The writing is clear and to the point but there’s no sacrificing on the detail. Seeger focuses his attention on the forms of utopia and utopianism that have received less attention in academic work to date, and his chronological approach makes it easy to track the evolution of the central ideas explored. I learnt a lot reading this book and have been introduced to a great many new texts.
– Matthew Leggatt, University of Winchester
Excerpt
Table Of Contents
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Ways to Read This Book
- Chapter Outline
- Chapter 1 Science Fiction, Modernism, and Utopia
- 1. Stapledon and Modernism
- 2. Stapledon and Bloomsbury
- 3. Stapledon and the Politics of Modernism
- 4. Stapledon’s Modernist Criticism
- 5. Stapledon’s Modernist Science Fiction
- 6. Stapledon’s Utopianism
- 7. Stapledon’s Modernism
- Chapter 2 Utopia, Anti-Utopia, and Post-Secularism
- 1. Brave New World
- 2. Ape and Essence
- 3. The Perennial Philosophy
- 4. Island
- 5. Utopia and Post-Secularism
- Chapter 3 Queer Theory and Utopianism
- 1. The Demise of Utopianism
- 2. The Scope of Queer Theory
- 3. Utopian Queer Theory
- 4. Queer Theory and Utopianism
- Chapter 4 Post-Capitalism and Techno-Utopianism
- 1. Information Technology and Post-Capitalism
- 2. 3D Printing and the Internet of Things
- 3. Automation and Abundance
- 4. Technological Dystopias
- 5. A Techno-Dystopia: Blade Runner 2049
- 6. Two Paths
- Chapter 5 Techno-Utopianism, Transhumanism, and Antihumanism
- 1. Science Fiction, Progress, and Ageing
- 2. Transhumanism, Materiality, and Stagnation
- 3. Antihumanism, Nature, and Culture
- 4. The Absence of Queer Ecology
- Chapter 6 The Post-Critical Utopia
- 1. Retrieving the Utopian Socialist Novel
- 2. A Critical Utopia?
- 3. The Post-Critical Utopia and Utopian Studies
- Chapter 7 Quasi-Dystopian Pandemic Fiction
- 1. A Dystopian Novel?
- 2. Burntcoat as Pandemic Fiction
- 3. Burntcoat and the Erotic
- 4. Touch, Immediacy, and Mediation in Burntcoat
- 5. From Fantasies of Control to Shared Vulnerability
- Chapter 8 Utopia, or, What is Left of the Future?
- 1. The Rise of Utopia: 1516–1917
- 2. Utopia in the Twentieth Century: 1917–1989
- 3. Utopia and the End of History: 1989–2008
- 4. Politics Since the Financial Crisis: 2007–2023
- 5. Fisher on Capitalist Realism
- 6. Fisher on Acid Communism
- 7. Utopia Today
- Bibliography
- Index
UTOPIAN VARIATIONS
UTOPIA IN LITERATURE, FILM, AND POPULAR CULTURE

Oxford · Berlin · Bruxelles · Chennai · Lausanne · New York
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. The German National Library lists this publication in the German National Bibliography; detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Seeger, Sean author
Title: Utopian variations : utopia in literature, film, and popular culture / Sean Seeger.
Description: Oxford ; New York : Peter Lang, 2025. | Series: Ralahine utopian studies, 1661-5875 ; 38 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2025012282 (print) | LCCN 2025012283 (ebook) | ISBN 9781805840282 paperback | ISBN 9781805840299 ebook | ISBN 9781805840305 epub
Subjects: LCSH: Utopias--Philosophy
Classification: LCC HX806 .S355 2025 (print) | LCC HX806 (ebook) | DDC 335.02--dc23/eng/20250509
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2025012282
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2025012283
Cover image: ‘Utopia and Light Bulb’
Artist: Patpitchaya
Source: Adobe Stock
Cover design by Peter Lang Group AG
ISSN 1661-5875
ISBN 978-1-80584-028-2 (print)
ISBN 978-1-80584-029-9 (E-PDF)
ISBN 978-1-80584-030-5 (E-PUB)
DOI 10.3726/b22926

Open Access: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0 license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© 2025 Sean Seeger
Published by Peter Lang Ltd, Oxford (United Kingdom)
Sean Seeger has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this Work.
This publication has been peer reviewed.
Contents
CHAPTER 1 Science Fiction, Modernism, and Utopia
CHAPTER 2 Utopia, Anti-Utopia, and Post-Secularism
CHAPTER 3 Queer Theory and Utopianism
CHAPTER 4 Post-Capitalism and Techno-Utopianism
CHAPTER 5 Techno-Utopianism, Transhumanism, and Antihumanism
CHAPTER 6 The Post-Critical Utopia
CHAPTER 7 Quasi-Dystopian Pandemic Fiction
Acknowledgements
This book is indebted to many people, not all of whom can be adequately acknowledged here. The first and foremost of these is my frequent academic collaborator, Daniel Davison-Vecchione. Dan has been an inspirational interlocuter and a major spur to my thinking about all things speculative over the last decade, not least during the writing of our various jointly authored articles on literature and social theory. I consider myself extremely lucky not only to have benefited from Dan’s unique insights, but to be able to call him a friend.
The book has benefited significantly from the many conversations I had with scholars at the 22nd Utopian Studies Conference at the University of Brighton in July 2022. In particular, I wish to thank the following people for invaluable comments, questions, and criticisms, both during and since the conference: Heather Alberro, Emrah Atasoy, Joe Davidson, Megen de Bruin-Molé, Michael Larson, Frank Lopes, and Katie Stone.
I wish to thank Matthew Leggatt and Liam Knight for generously inviting me to discuss some of my ideas for this book on their podcast, Utopian and Dystopian Fictions, in November 2024. It was a very enjoyable experience, the results of which can be streamed on Spotify and other platforms.
My thanks to everyone in the Department of Literature, Film, and Theatre Studies at the University of Essex who has helped to foster the ideal environment in which to write this book, especially Matthew De Abaitua, Josh Ang, Sanja Bahun, Lizzie Bennett, Chris Bundock, Shohini Chaudhuri, Katharine Cockin, Jon Crane, Sue Dawes, Cristina Fumagalli, Kate Gilmour, Sue Hogan, Liam Jarvis, Emma Kittle, Liz Kuti, Annecy Lax, Ed Lee, Jonathan Lichtenstein, Karin Littau, Mary Mazzilli, Emma McClelland, Lilly-Ann Newman, Dan O’Brien, Susan Oliver, Jak Peake, Owen Robinson, Tom Robinson, Joanna Rzepa, Penny Simpson, Sarah Smyth, Comhnall Speed, Holly Pester, Phil Terry, Antonio Vivas, Jonathan White, and Nora Williams.
Beyond Essex, thanks are due to the following people for the many productive conversations I have had with them about utopia, dystopia, and everything in between: Jake Abenson, Chidinma Achebe, Zoe Adonis, Mahnaz Ahangarani, Ash Bailey, Sophia van den Berghe, Brent Garcia, Miriam Jackson, Reuben Martens, Giovanni O’Flaherty, Dayo Ogunkoya, Irina Sadovina, Adam Stock, Immanuel Torres, Hamish Turtledove, Andries Van Dijk, and Yoshida Hisamoto.
Elements of some chapters were previously presented at conferences or seminars at the following institutions. Chapter 1: Association for the Study of Literature and Environment, University of California, Davis (2019). Chapter 2: Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick (2023). Chapter 4: Department of English and Comparative Literature, Goldsmiths, University of London (2016). Chapter 5: London Science Fiction Research Community, Birkbeck, University of London (2019). Chapter 6: Utopian Studies Society, University of Brighton (2022). My thanks to the organisers of these events for giving me the opportunity to gather some crucial feedback on my evolving ideas.
Chapter 5 is a revised version of an essay that originally appeared under the title ‘“Whatever comes after human progress”: Transhumanism, Antihumanism, and the Absence of Queer Ecology in Lidia Yuknavitch’s The Book of Joan’ in the collection Age and Ageing in Contemporary Speculative and Science Fiction, edited by Sarah Falcus and Maricel Oró-Piqueras and published by Bloomsbury (Seeger 2023b). My thanks to Bloomsbury for granting permission for the reuse of this material.
Chapter 6 is a revised and expanded version of an article that originally appeared under the same title in the journal Utopian Studies in 2023, under the editorship of Jennifer Wagner-Lawlor, Stephanie Peebles Tavera, A. Elisabeth Reichel, and Manuel Sousa Oliveira (Seeger 2023a). My thanks to Pennsylvania State University Press for granting permission for the reuse of this material.
This book is being made available via open access through the University of Essex’s institutional open access fund. My sincere thanks to the University of Essex and its Library and Cultural Services team, especially Open Access Fund Co-ordinator Sean Andersson.
At Ralahine, I’d like to thank the anonymous Commissioning Editor who closely read and commented on the full manuscript. At Peter Lang, my thanks go to Senior Acquisitions Editor Tony Mason, whose help and encouragement throughout the publication process are much appreciated.
Lastly, I wish to thank my family for their support and encouragement throughout the process of writing this book. Thank you, Jackie, Tony, Elle, and Dylan – I couldn’t have done it without you!
Introduction
As its title suggests, this book is a study of some of the many forms that utopia and utopianism have taken throughout cultural history. More specifically, it is a study of varieties of utopia that have generally received less consideration within the academic field of utopian studies. While there are many familiar forms of utopia which have been the subject of a substantial amount of scholarly commentary – the classical utopia, the anti-utopia, the critical utopia, and the feminist utopia, to name just a few – there are also, this study aims to show, various kinds of utopia and utopian discourse which merit such attention but which have been either partially or wholly neglected by utopian scholars.
Details
- Pages
- XXIV, 202
- Publication Year
- 2025
- ISBN (PDF)
- 9781805840299
- ISBN (ePUB)
- 9781805840305
- ISBN (Softcover)
- 9781805840282
- DOI
- 10.3726/b22926
- Open Access
- CC-BY
- Language
- English
- Publication date
- 2025 (October)
- Keywords
- Utopian Variations Sean Seeger literature film popular culture utopia dystopia science fiction social theory cultural theory queer theory modernism postsecularism postcapitalism transhumanism antihumanism xenofeminism Covid-19 pandemic techno-utopianism
- Published
- Oxford, Berlin, Bruxelles, Chennai, Lausanne, New York, 2025. xxiv, 202 pp.
- Product Safety
- Peter Lang Group AG