The Mostadha’fin’s Confusing Journey from Sharia’ti’s Revolutionary Utopianism to Khomeini’s Dystopian Reality 1976-1982
Ronen A. Cohen
Among the players in the Iranian Revolution were tens of groups, including the Mojahedin-e Khalq, the Forqan Group, the Hojjatiyeh, and the Tudeh, among others. Yet, one was not so well-known and, unlike others that embarked on revolutionary paths, this group was not big or active enough to do any serious damage to anybody, except perhaps to themselves, by scratching out their own innovative brand of ideological revolution. Sharia’ti’s ideology and revolutionary thought was on the front lines of the Revolution playing its modest part. Moreover, on second, third, or even fourth look, the Islamic Revolution could not have gone on without them. Though their contribution may have been modest and not easily detected, their role was nonetheless very important and must be understood to fully comprehend the main theme of the Revolution.
This book speaks to the Arman-e Mostadha’fin’s story. Confused and frustrated, this group tried to make its contribution to the Revolution’s spirit, in particular how to understand Sharia’ti’s ideological path. At the end of the day, their impact was too little to influence the wave of the Revolution; however, their existence within it helped to serve Sharia’ti’s ideology in a way that changed the shape of the Islamic Revolution’s first days.
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- New York, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Oxford, Wien, 2018. XVI, 138 pp.
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the author(s)/editor(s)
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- Preface
- Notes
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 1. The Historical Background of the Growth of the Arman-e Mostadha’fin Organization
- The 1970s—Iran and the world powers—between acceptance and rejection and its influence upon the Cold War
- The map of the internal opposition to the Pahlavi monarchy
- Notes
- Chapter 2. The Emergence of the Arman-e Mostadha’fin under Unfair Circumstances and Terms
- Doing the impossible and emerging despite the Shah’s awareness by inventing the existence of yet another revolutionary group
- A revolutionary leadership without a targeted population
- Solving the puzzle
- Emerging from the point of maturity-naivety and establishing an ideological vision and aims
- The name and emblem of the group—Mostadha’fin
- Conclusions
- Notes
- Chapter 3. Ali Sharia’ti—The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Ideologue
- Sharia’ti’s revolutionary writings about the complex relationships between religion and secularism and Shia and Marxism
- Sharia’ti’s activities in Hosseniyyeh Ershad
- Between traditionalism and religious activism in Sharia’ti’s philosophy
- Iranian nationalism in Sharia’ti’s philosophy
- Sharia’ti and the Islamic Revolution
- The influence of Khomeini’s revolutionary philosophy
- The influence of the revolutionary philosophies of the revolutionary organizations
- Violence and terror in Sharia’ti’s philosophy
- The fading of Sharia’ti, his voluntary exile and his mysterious death
- Notes
- Chapter 4. A Just Ideology, Justification and Fiction
- The AeM’s ideology—a triangle of realities
- Nationalism, Iranianism and religion—the AeM’s national-religious approach
- Ijtihad—Yes, Mojtahed—No?
- Ruhaniyat vs. Mostadha’fin and vice versa
- Ayatollah Taleqani—the real revolutionary leader
- Notes
- Chapter 5. Elimination and Dissolution
- The oppositionist movements after the Islamic revolution
- Elimination and dissolution—the inevitable end of the AeM
- Notes
- Conclusion
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Books in English
- Articles in English
- CIA Documents
- WikiLeaks Documents
- USA Department of State Files
- Israel State Archives: Ginzach Hamedina
- Books and Articles in Arabic
- Books and Articles in Persian
- Archive—Book collection in the International Institute of Social History (Amsterdam)
- Books in Hebrew
- General Documents
- Index
Chapter 3. Ali Sharia’ti—The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Ideologue
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- Title
- Copyright
- About the author(s)/editor(s)
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- Preface
- Notes
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 1. The Historical Background of the Growth of the Arman-e Mostadha’fin Organization
- The 1970s—Iran and the world powers—between acceptance and rejection and its influence upon the Cold War
- The map of the internal opposition to the Pahlavi monarchy
- Notes
- Chapter 2. The Emergence of the Arman-e Mostadha’fin under Unfair Circumstances and Terms
- Doing the impossible and emerging despite the Shah’s awareness by inventing the existence of yet another revolutionary group
- A revolutionary leadership without a targeted population
- Solving the puzzle
- Emerging from the point of maturity-naivety and establishing an ideological vision and aims
- The name and emblem of the group—Mostadha’fin
- Conclusions
- Notes
- Chapter 3. Ali Sharia’ti—The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Ideologue
- Sharia’ti’s revolutionary writings about the complex relationships between religion and secularism and Shia and Marxism
- Sharia’ti’s activities in Hosseniyyeh Ershad
- Between traditionalism and religious activism in Sharia’ti’s philosophy
- Iranian nationalism in Sharia’ti’s philosophy
- Sharia’ti and the Islamic Revolution
- The influence of Khomeini’s revolutionary philosophy
- The influence of the revolutionary philosophies of the revolutionary organizations
- Violence and terror in Sharia’ti’s philosophy
- The fading of Sharia’ti, his voluntary exile and his mysterious death
- Notes
- Chapter 4. A Just Ideology, Justification and Fiction
- The AeM’s ideology—a triangle of realities
- Nationalism, Iranianism and religion—the AeM’s national-religious approach
- Ijtihad—Yes, Mojtahed—No?
- Ruhaniyat vs. Mostadha’fin and vice versa
- Ayatollah Taleqani—the real revolutionary leader
- Notes
- Chapter 5. Elimination and Dissolution
- The oppositionist movements after the Islamic revolution
- Elimination and dissolution—the inevitable end of the AeM
- Notes
- Conclusion
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Books in English
- Articles in English
- CIA Documents
- WikiLeaks Documents
- USA Department of State Files
- Israel State Archives: Ginzach Hamedina
- Books and Articles in Arabic
- Books and Articles in Persian
- Archive—Book collection in the International Institute of Social History (Amsterdam)
- Books in Hebrew
- General Documents
- Index