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Metaphor and Masculinity in Hosea
Series:
Susan E. Haddox
The metaphors in Hosea are rich and varied, comprising both gendered and non-gendered image fields. This book examines the use of metaphor in Hosea through the lens of masculinity studies, which provides a means to elucidate connections between the images and to analyze their cumulative rhetorical effect. The rhetoric of both the gendered and non-gendered imagery is analyzed using a model from cognitive anthropology, which divides social space along three axes: activity, potency, and goodness. People use metaphors to position and to move one another within this space. These axes reveal how the metaphors in Hosea rhetorically relate the audience, represented by Ephraim/Israel, and YHWH to a particular construction of masculinity. Hosea uses the imagery of Assyrian treaty curses to reinforce YHWH’s masculinity and dominance, while undermining the masculinity of the audience. The rhetoric of the text attempts to bring the audience into an appropriately subordinate position with respect to YHWH and to shape its members’ actions and attitudes accordingly.
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CONTENTS
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Preface ............................................................................................... ix Acknowledgments .............................................................................. xi List of Abbreviations ......................................................................... xiii 1 Introduction and History of Interpretation ................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................... 1 Composition History ...................................................................... 7 Genre and Rhetorical Studies ......................................................... 8 Studies of the Marriage Metaphor ................................................. 11 The Nature of Hosea’s Marriage ............................................. 11 Interpretations of the Marriage Metaphor ................................ 12 Studies of Other Metaphors .......................................................... 27 2 Masculinity and Metaphor: An Approach to Analysis ................. 31 Masculinity Theory ...................................................................... 31 Audience ............................................................................... 32 Anthropological Perspectives on Masculinity Theory ............... 32 Applying Masculinity Theory to Hosea ................................... 35 Anthropological Theories of Metaphor ......................................... 38 Symbolic Language ................................................................ 38 Definitions of Metaphor ......................................................... 40 Social Quality Space ............................................................... 41 Performative Metaphors ......................................................... 42 Persuasive Metaphors ............................................................. 43 Responses to Predications ....................................................... 45 Axes for Analysis ................................................................... 46 Tropes Related to Metaphor ................................................... 47 Metaphorical Domains ........................................................... 51 Metaphor, the Inchoate, and Masculinity ...................................... 52 vi Metaphor and Masculinity in Hosea 3 Predications of Gender-Based Imagery .................................... 55 Masculinity Studies of the Bible .................................................... 55 Psychoanalytic Studies ........................................................... 56 Studies of Individual Masculinities .......................................... 57 Studies of Normative Masculinity ........................................... 59 Gender Imagery in Hosea ............................................................. 61 Female Imagery ..................................................................... 61 Male Imagery ......................................................................... 72 Mixed Gender Imagery .......................................................... 87 Conclusions ................................................................................. 89 4 Predications of Non-Gender-Based Imagery ............................. 91 Parent-Child Imagery ................................................................... 91 Ephraim/Israel as Child ......................................................... 92 Ephraim/Israel as Parent ........................................................ 98 Analysis of Parent-Child Imagery .......................................... 100 Sickness and Healing Imagery .................................................... 103 Cases of Sickness .................................................................. 103 Causes of Sickness ................................................................ 104 Curers of Sickness ................................................................ 104 Analysis of Sickness and Healing Imagery ............................. 105 Hunting and Seeking Imagery ..................................................... 106 Ephraim/Israel as Hunter and Seeker .................................... 106 YHWH as Hunter ................................................................ 107 Humans as Prey ................................................................... 108 Analysis of Hunting and Seeking Imagery ............................. 108 Animal Imagery ......................................................................... 109 Ephraim/Israel as Animals ................................................... 109 YHWH as Animal ............................................................... 112 Other...
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