Conscientization and the Cultivation of Conscience
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Keqi (David) Liu
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- 978-1-4541-9634-1
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- New York, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Frankfurt am Main, Oxford, Wien, 2014. 194 pp.
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the author
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Table of Contents
- Preface and Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Chapter One: Paulo Freire: Life, Work, and Theory
- A Biography of Paulo Freire
- The Historical and Sociocultural Contexts in Which Freire Lived
- A Brief Sketch of Freire’s Life
- An Overview of Freire’s Pedagogical Theory
- Freire’s Philosophy
- Freire’s Theory of Liberating Education
- Critical Responses to Freire’s Pedagogical Theory
- Freire’s Original Contributions
- The Main Objections
- A Critical Defense
- Chapter Two: The Key Elements of Conscientization
- Conscientization at its Beginning
- Freire’s Conceptualization of Critical Consciousness
- To Read the Word Is to Read the World
- Critical Responses to Conscientization
- The Criticisms and the Defenses
- Conscientization, a Humanizing Pedagogy
- The Methodical Applications of Conscientization
- Smith’s Three-Stage Model
- Elias’s Approach
- A Number of Indispensable Elements of Conscientization Recapitulated
- Chapter Three: Conscience and its Relationship With Consciousness
- The Notion of Conscience and its Development
- The Conscience–Consciousness Problem
- The Conflict Between Conscience and Consciousness
- The Unity Between Conscience and Consciousness
- Chapter Four: The Dynamism of the Work of Conscience
- Conscience, the Basis of Morality, Reconsidered
- Marx’s Materialist Foundation of Morality
- Schopenhauer’s Compassion as Moral Foundation
- Conscience: Consciousness of Maintaining Humanity
- Conscience: The Working Mechanism
- Being Moral in a Transcendent Living Sphere
- An Illumination of the Notion of Transcendence
- A Proper Way to Transcendence
- Chapter Five: The Cultivation of Conscience
- The Transcendent Role of Love
- Love of the Good
- Love of Life
- The Transcendent Role of Dialogue
- The Antagonism Between the Self and Others
- The I–Thou Relation: The Foundation of the Dialogical Principle
- Conscience Welcomes the Other
- Dialogical Effect
- A Demonstration of the Transcendent Role of Love and Dialogue
- Crime and Punishment
- Siddhartha
- Chapter Six: The Integration of the Cultivation of Conscience Into Conscientization
- Freire’s Dialectical Meetings With Marx and Christ: A Guideline
- Legacies From Marx
- A New Concept of Revolution
- The Cultivation of Critical Consciousness: Functions and Roles
- Awakening the Consciousness of a Just Social Place
- Strengthening the Subject Position in Making History
- The Cultivation of Conscience: Functions and Roles
- A Cornerstone to Build Moral Character
- An Effective Means to Maintain a Universal Human Ethic
- Conscientization in a New Light
- Chapter Seven: Conscientization: Educational Necessity and Cultural Significance
- The Educational Necessity of Conscientization
- Robotic Vocationalism
- Money Idolatry: The Core of Marketization
- Indifference to the Loss of Humanity and Unnecessary Human Suffering
- The Absolute Necessity of Conscientization
- The Cultural Significance of Conscientization
- Freire’s Conscientized Subject in His Humanism
- Freire’s Universal Human Ethic
- Freire’s Certainty of His Socialist Orientation
- Freire’s Critical Pedagogy: Another New Form of Oppression and Hegemony?
- Chapter Eight: The Pedagogical Possibilities of Conscientization
- Conscientization Maintains Humanizing Education
- Conscientization Promotes Education as Revolutionary Intervention
- Conscientization Turns Education Into a Human Act
- Conscientization Fosters Pedagogical Love
- Conscientization Upholds Epistemological Curiosity
- Potentialities for Realizing Conscientization in Daily Pedagogical Situations
- Mr. Mattingly’s Intervention
- A Critical Reflection
- Conclusion
- References
- Series Index
Chapter Four: The Dynamism of the Work of Conscience
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Extract
CHAPTER FOUR
In this chapter, two justifications are made. One is whether conscience still functions as the basis of morality to maintain humanity and why. The other is why conscience as moral intervention is prompted by transcendence to work constantly and freely. The former reconsiders the raison d’être for the cultivation of conscience while the latter clears the way for the cultivation of conscience.
As discussed in the last chapter, Kant claims conscience as the foundation of morality. However, as Nietzsche contends, “herd conscience” and “herd morality” espoused by Christianity and metaphysics stop people from being strong and shift their attention from the real concrete world to an invisible, intangible, and imaginary world. They are a means of self-negation to level off everyone to averageness and to weakness. In addition to Nietzsche, Kant’s conception of conscience has encountered strong objections from other philosophers such as Marx and Schopenhauer. This requires reconsidering the concept of conscience in a secular sense to address the questions posed in the last chapter. Accordingly, the relevant views on morality of Marx and Schopenhauer are examined. ← 73 | 74 →
Marx’s Materialist Foundation of Morality
According to Safranski (1990), prior to Hegel, there is a “direct juxtaposition of the individual and the whole: God and man [sic], or man and nature, or man and Being” (p. 307). Most philosophers then tried to answer the question—“What is a human being?”—by identifying the innate qualities or attributes of women...
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Or login to access all content.- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the author
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Table of Contents
- Preface and Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Chapter One: Paulo Freire: Life, Work, and Theory
- A Biography of Paulo Freire
- The Historical and Sociocultural Contexts in Which Freire Lived
- A Brief Sketch of Freire’s Life
- An Overview of Freire’s Pedagogical Theory
- Freire’s Philosophy
- Freire’s Theory of Liberating Education
- Critical Responses to Freire’s Pedagogical Theory
- Freire’s Original Contributions
- The Main Objections
- A Critical Defense
- Chapter Two: The Key Elements of Conscientization
- Conscientization at its Beginning
- Freire’s Conceptualization of Critical Consciousness
- To Read the Word Is to Read the World
- Critical Responses to Conscientization
- The Criticisms and the Defenses
- Conscientization, a Humanizing Pedagogy
- The Methodical Applications of Conscientization
- Smith’s Three-Stage Model
- Elias’s Approach
- A Number of Indispensable Elements of Conscientization Recapitulated
- Chapter Three: Conscience and its Relationship With Consciousness
- The Notion of Conscience and its Development
- The Conscience–Consciousness Problem
- The Conflict Between Conscience and Consciousness
- The Unity Between Conscience and Consciousness
- Chapter Four: The Dynamism of the Work of Conscience
- Conscience, the Basis of Morality, Reconsidered
- Marx’s Materialist Foundation of Morality
- Schopenhauer’s Compassion as Moral Foundation
- Conscience: Consciousness of Maintaining Humanity
- Conscience: The Working Mechanism
- Being Moral in a Transcendent Living Sphere
- An Illumination of the Notion of Transcendence
- A Proper Way to Transcendence
- Chapter Five: The Cultivation of Conscience
- The Transcendent Role of Love
- Love of the Good
- Love of Life
- The Transcendent Role of Dialogue
- The Antagonism Between the Self and Others
- The I–Thou Relation: The Foundation of the Dialogical Principle
- Conscience Welcomes the Other
- Dialogical Effect
- A Demonstration of the Transcendent Role of Love and Dialogue
- Crime and Punishment
- Siddhartha
- Chapter Six: The Integration of the Cultivation of Conscience Into Conscientization
- Freire’s Dialectical Meetings With Marx and Christ: A Guideline
- Legacies From Marx
- A New Concept of Revolution
- The Cultivation of Critical Consciousness: Functions and Roles
- Awakening the Consciousness of a Just Social Place
- Strengthening the Subject Position in Making History
- The Cultivation of Conscience: Functions and Roles
- A Cornerstone to Build Moral Character
- An Effective Means to Maintain a Universal Human Ethic
- Conscientization in a New Light
- Chapter Seven: Conscientization: Educational Necessity and Cultural Significance
- The Educational Necessity of Conscientization
- Robotic Vocationalism
- Money Idolatry: The Core of Marketization
- Indifference to the Loss of Humanity and Unnecessary Human Suffering
- The Absolute Necessity of Conscientization
- The Cultural Significance of Conscientization
- Freire’s Conscientized Subject in His Humanism
- Freire’s Universal Human Ethic
- Freire’s Certainty of His Socialist Orientation
- Freire’s Critical Pedagogy: Another New Form of Oppression and Hegemony?
- Chapter Eight: The Pedagogical Possibilities of Conscientization
- Conscientization Maintains Humanizing Education
- Conscientization Promotes Education as Revolutionary Intervention
- Conscientization Turns Education Into a Human Act
- Conscientization Fosters Pedagogical Love
- Conscientization Upholds Epistemological Curiosity
- Potentialities for Realizing Conscientization in Daily Pedagogical Situations
- Mr. Mattingly’s Intervention
- A Critical Reflection
- Conclusion
- References
- Series Index