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The Disintegration of Bosnia and Herzegovina

From Ethnic Cleansing to Ethnified Governance

by Alim Baluch (Author)
©2018 Monographs VIII, 308 Pages
Series: Nationalisms across the Globe, Volume 20

Summary

This book argues that the «international community» created and managed the dysfunctional state of Bosnia and Herzegovina by effectively rewarding ethnic cleansing, drawing up a transitional constitution which, in turn, generated a complex ethnifying polity incapable of independent reform. This constitution, which was only added as an annex to the Dayton Peace Agreement, has continued to encourage ethnification, understood in this book as the reproduction of imagined communities of descent.
While accepting that foreign interference was necessary to end the war in the late 1990s, the book offers a critical review of the actions of the Office of the High Representative of the International Community (OHR) and other foreign actors since that period. It includes meticulous examination of hundreds of OHR decisions, as well as secret diplomatic cables published by Wikileaks revealing how the US embassy intervened in the country's trade and foreign policy.
Drawing on a process-sociological perspective, the book interrogates the notion of ethnicity and offers a radical new perspective on post-war state-building in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • About the author(s)/editor(s)
  • About the book
  • This eBook can be cited
  • Contents
  • Abbreviations
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
  • 1.1 Research context
  • 1.2 Research aim and question
  • 1.3 How can we examine the impact of international rule in BiH?
  • 1.3.1 (Meta-)methodological considerations
  • 1.3.2 How design shapes analysis
  • 1.3.3 Shifting the notion – from data collection to data production
  • 1.3.4 Content analysis
  • 1.3.5 OHR decisions
  • 1.3.6 Steering Board Communiqués
  • 1.3.7 Classified diplomatic cables
  • 1.3.8 Policy areas
  • 1.4 Structure
  • Chapter 2: Why a Process Oriented Approach to Ethnified Multi-Level Governance is Essential
  • 2.1 About the compatibility of process sociology and political science
  • 2.1.1 The problem of process reduction in social scientific language
  • 2.1.2 The drag effect of the social habitus and its resistance towards the integration of survival units
  • 2.1.3 Power and function in the context of game models
  • 2.2 Drawing upon European integration and IR theory to contextualize the process sociological approach
  • 2.2.1 Federalism – similarities and differences between BiH and the EU
  • 2.2.2 Governance in a dynamic multi-level system
  • 2.2.3 The neo-functionalist approach to integration
  • 2.2.4 From social constructivism to sociological institutionalism
  • 2.2.5 Using norms and rules as leverage
  • 2.2.6 Input and output legitimacy
  • 2.3 Ethnicity, nationalism and war – interdisciplinary considerations of anthropomorphism and inadequate rationalism
  • 2.3.1 Why ethnicity is imaginary
  • 2.3.2 From nationalism to irredentism
  • 2.3.3 Repudiating anthropomorphic terminology
  • 2.3.4 The psychological dimension of violence in group conflicts and its implications for BiH
  • Summary
  • Chapter 3: Bosnia and Herzegovina – Evolution of a Fragile Polity
  • 3.1. The trichotomy of predominant ethnifications in BiH
  • 3.1.1 Croatian ethnification
  • 3.1.2 Serb ethnification
  • 3.1.3 The emergence of Bosniak ethnification in the context of Serb-Croat enmity
  • 3.2 Bosnia-Herzegovina under the umbrella of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
  • 3.3 The impact of economic decline in the 1980s on Yugoslavia’s disintegration
  • 3.4 Violent disintegration of BiH, two irredentist campaigns, one unintended outcome
  • 3.4.1 Croatian irredentism in BiH
  • 3.4.2 Serb nationalist irredentism
  • Summary
  • Chapter 4: Polities and Politics of Post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • 4.1 The ethnification of the war in Yugoslavia in international politics
  • 4.2 The Annexes of the DPA
  • 4.2.1 Annex 1A: Agreement on the Military Aspects of the Peace Settlement
  • 4.2.2 Annex 1B: Agreement on Regional Stabilization
  • 4.2.3 Annex 2: The Inter-Entity Boundary Line and Related Issues
  • 4.2.4 Annex 3: Agreement on Elections
  • 4.2.5 Annex 4: The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • 4.2.6 Annex 5: Agreement on Arbitration
  • 4.2.7 Annex 6: Agreement on Human Rights
  • 4.2.8 Annex 7: Refugees and Displaced Persons
  • 4.2.9 Annex 8: Agreement on Commission to Preserve National Monuments
  • 4.2.10 Annex 9: Establishment of Public Corporations
  • 4.2.11 Annex 10: Civilian Implementation (OHR)
  • 4.2.12 International Police Task Force (Annex 11)
  • 4.2.13 The Assistance Program
  • 4.2.14 Armed Forces
  • 4.3 The OHR in a multi-level principal-agent structure
  • 4.3.1 The PIC Steering Board
  • 4.3.2 Establishment of the OHR
  • 4.3.3 The Sintra Declaration and the Bonn Powers
  • 4.3.4 The Europeanization of the international agency structure
  • 4.4 Political parties
  • 4.4.1 Ethnifying Bosnian Serb parties
  • 4.4.2 Ethnifying Croat parties
  • 4.4.3 Ethnifying Bosniak parties
  • 4.4.4 De-ethnifying parties
  • Summary
  • Chapter 5: The Decisions of the OHR
  • 5.1 Low synthesis: The official OHR categorization
  • 5.1.1 Decisions relating to state symbols and state-level matters and constitutional issues
  • 5.1.2 Decisions in the economic field
  • 5.1.3 Decisions in the field of judicial reform
  • 5.1.4 Decisions relating to the Federation, Mostar and Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
  • 5.1.5 Removals and Suspensions from Office
  • 5.1.6 Media restructuring decisions by the HighRep
  • 5.1.7 Decisions in the field of property laws, return of displaced persons and refugees and reconciliation
  • 5.1.8 Decisions relating to individuals indicted for war crimes in the former Yugoslavia
  • 5.2 Higher synthesis analysis of OHR decisions (1997–2012)
  • 5.2.1 Legislative decisions
  • 5.2.2 Constructive decisions
  • 5.2.3 Punitive decisions
  • 5.2.4 Reconstructive decisions
  • Summary
  • Chapter 6: Analysis of OHR Impact on Policies in BiH
  • 6.1 Military matters
  • 6.2 Economic policy
  • 6.3 Police and intelligence
  • 6.4 Judicial branch and constitutional reform
  • 6.5 De-segregation and return of refugees
  • Summary
  • Chapter 7: Discussion and Conclusions – Change of OHR Impact over Time
  • 7.1 Pooling competencies at state level
  • 7.2 (De-)Ethnification
  • 7.3 Future perspectives: Disengagement and Europeanization
  • Bibliography
  • Communiques and legal documents
  • Diplomatic cables
  • Appendix
  • Interview with HighRep Valentin Inzko at OHR HQ, 14 March 2012 [English translation]
  • Index By Person
  • Index By Keyword
  • Series index

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Details

Pages
VIII, 308
Publication Year
2018
ISBN (Softcover)
9781788743617
ISBN (PDF)
9781788743624
ISBN (ePUB)
9781788743631
ISBN (MOBI)
9781788743648
DOI
10.3726/b13391
Language
English
Publication date
2018 (October)
Keywords
Bosnia and Herzegovina Office of the High Representative of the International Community and the European Union (OHR) Post-war State-building
Published
Oxford, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Frankfurt am Main, New York, Wien, 2018. VIII, 308 pp., 1 fig. col., 32 fig. b/w
Product Safety
Peter Lang Group AG

Biographical notes

Alim Baluch (Author)

Alim Baluch is a social scientist whose research interests include authoritarianism, the suppression of democracy, and governance exerted by supranational and international organisations. He teaches politics at the University of Bath.

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Title: The Disintegration of Bosnia and Herzegovina