Transcultural Approaches to the Concept of Imperial Rule in the Middle Ages
Summary
Excerpt
Table Of Contents
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the author
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Table of Contents
- Transcultural Approaches to the Concept of Imperial Rule in the Middle Ages: Introduction (Christian Scholl / Torben R. Gebhardt / Jan Clauß)
- Imitatio Imperii? Elements of Imperial Rule in the Barbarian Successor States of the Roman West (Christian Scholl)
- Introduction
- Reasons for the imitation of Imperial rule
- Imperial elements adopted by the Barbarian rulers
- Imperial elements not adopted by the Barbarian rulers
- Conclusion
- Barbarian Emperors? Aspects of the Byzantine Perception of the qaghan (chaganos) in the Earlier Middle Ages (Sebastian Kolditz)
- Imports and Embargos of Imperial Concepts in the Frankish Kingdom. The Promotion of Charlemagne’s Imperial Coronation in Carolingian Courtly Culture (Jan Clauß)
- Introduction: Charlemagne’s Imperial Coronation and its Early Medieval Context
- Charlemagne’s Imperial Coronation – Expression of a Changed Topography of Power
- Carolingian Power and Cultural Politics
- Theodulf of Orléans as an Arbiter of Frankish Imperial Concepts
- Conclusion
- How to Become Emperor – John VIII and the Role of the Papacy in the 9th Century (Simon Groth)
- Imperial Aspirations in Provence and Burgundy (Jessika Nowak)
- Family ties and Carolingian background
- Patrimony, possessions and bonds in the Regnum Italiae
- Relationship with the Papacy
- The conception of kingship in Provence and Burgundy
- From Bretwalda to Basileus: Imperial Concepts in Late Anglo-Saxon England? (Torben R. Gebhardt)
- The Caliphates between Imperial Rule and Imagined Suzerainty – A Case Study on Imperial Rituals during Saladin’s Rise to Power (Nadeem Khan)
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Empire – A definition
- a) Internal aspects
- b) External aspects
- c) Dynastical aspects
- 3. The caliphates
- a) The Rāšidūn Caliphate
- b) The Umayyād Caliphate
- c) The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate
- d) The Fāṭimid Caliphate
- Summary
- 4. Symbolic communication and rituals
- a) Bayʿa
- b) Ḫuṭba
- c) Sikka
- d) Ḫilʿa
- Summary
- 5. Saladin
- a) A family in service of the Zengids
- b) Saladin’s beginnings in Egypt
- c) Saladin between two caliphs
- d) Tensions between Nūr ad-Dīn and Saladin
- e) Ayyūbid expansion and stabilization
- f) The culmination of Saladin’s rise to power
- Summary
- 6. Conclusion
- Von verlorenen Hufeisen und brennenden Nüssen – Über Konflikte im Rahmen des „diplomatischen“ Zeremoniells des byzantinischen Kaiserhofes (Tobias Hoffmann)
- Byzantium – Rome – Denmark – Iceland: Dealing with Imperial Concepts in the North (Roland Scheel)
- The semantics of keisari, imperator and imperium
- Compounds containing keisari
- Imperium and imperator
- The Translation of Empire and its semantic renouncement
- Rex imperio dignus – rex imperator in regno suo
- Scandinavians and Byzantine Emperors
- The Semantics of Byzantium
- Conclusion
- Intoxication with Virtuality. French Princes and Aegean Titles (Stefan Burkhardt)
- Imperiale Konzepte in der mittelalterlichen Historiographie Polens vom 12. bis zum 15. Jahrhundert (Grischa Vercamer)
- 1. Diskurs der Herkunft:
- 2. Diskurs des ‚Pan-Slawismus‘ und des Hegemonie-Anspruchs der Polen:
- 3. Diskurs der passiven und reagierenden Herrschaftsausbreitung:
- 4. Diskurs des Freiheitsgedankens:
- 5. Diskurs der herrscherlichen Demut und Einfachheit:
- 6. Diskurs der Zurückweisung ‚imperialer Aggressoren‘:
- 7. Der Diskurs der Staatsgründung:
- 8. Diskurs des Namens:
- Fazit:
- List of Contributors
- Index of Names and Places
- Index of Names
- Index of Places
About the book
During the Middle Ages, rulers from different regions aspired to an idea of imperial hegemony. On the other hand, there were rulers who deliberately refused to be «emperors», although their reign showed characteristics of imperial rule. The contributions in this volume ask for the reasons why some rulers such as Charlemagne strove for imperial titles, whereas others voluntarily shrank from them. They also look at the characteristics of and rituals connected to imperial rule as well as to the way Medieval empires saw themselves. Thus, the authors in this volume adopt a transcultural perspective, covering Western, Eastern, Northern and Southern Europe, Byzantium and the Middle East. Furthermore, they go beyond the borders of Christianity by including various caliphates and Islamic «hegemonic» rulers like Saladin.
Simon Groth (Frankfurt am Main)
How to Become Emperor – John VIII and the Role of the Papacy in the 9th Century*
Charlemagne’s proclaimation as emperor within the context of a papal ceremony performed on Christmas Day in the year 800 in Rome1 significantly shaped, in retrospect, the relation between Frankish king and Roman pope in the Middle Ages, effectively putting the proclamation of the emperor in the hands of the pope in Rome. The fact that Charlemagne as well as his son, Louis the Pious, both passed their emperorship on to their sons in an independent ceremony held in Aix-la-Chapelle has been noted but rarely made the subject of a detailed discussion,2 since these cases remained←117 | 118→ individual episodes and were overshadowed by the ensuing imperial coronations carried out by the pope. In the early days of Carolingian emperorship, however, this procedure was far from universally accepted. The connection to the papacy as the authority bestowing the title of emperor as well as the connection to Rome can only be seen as a consolidation of power toward the end of the 9th century. On this account, the time between Lothair I and Otto the Great should be considered a separate period in the history of emperorship.3 Against this background, this paper tries to comprehend how the papacy became the legitimising authority universally accepted in the Frankish Empire.4 Here, Pope John VIII played a crucial role.5←118 | 119→
In affirmatively reinforcing the coronations of Louis the Pious (816)6 and Lothair I (823),7 the papacy upheld its claim of legitimising the emperor, which in Lothair’s case probably resulted in an elevation of his status compared to his brothers.8 However, their emperorships did not depend just on a papal ceremony. In this context, it is astonishing that Lothair I did not continue the practice his father and grandfather had established, but instead sent his son, Louis II, to Rome9 in April 850 where he was appointed←119 | 120→ emperor by Pope Leo IV.10 As to Lothair I’s reasons for doing so, we can only speculate. For instance, he might have hoped that the papal bestowal of the title would lead to a greater acceptance of his son’s emperorship by his brothers, Louis the German and Charles the Bald; or perhaps he wanted to establish a direct connection between his son’s emperorship and that of Charlemagne; or his own experiences with regard to his imperial succession were what prompted him to exercise these changes. An imperial coronation in which the reigning emperor crowned his own son never occurred again, and Lothair I abstained altogether from participating in the ceremony set to take place in Rome. For the first time since Charlamgne’s coronation, the pope acted as a constituting actor in the decision process. The papal ceremony conducted by Paschal I (5 April 823) may have held a higher level of legitimation for Lothair I than that of his father. Perhaps his own experiences following the papal affirmation of his status as an emperor caused Lothair to modify the contemporary practice of ‘Mitkaisererhebung’←120 | 121→ (elevation by the father, as it had occurred in the cases of Charlemagne/Louis I and Louis I/Lothair I).11
Details
- Pages
- 380
- Publication Year
- 2017
- ISBN (Hardcover)
- 9783631662199
- ISBN (ePUB)
- 9783631706244
- ISBN (MOBI)
- 9783631706251
- ISBN (PDF)
- 9783653052329
- DOI
- 10.3726/978-3-653-05232-9
- Open Access
- CC-BY-ND
- Language
- English
- Publication date
- 2017 (March)
- Keywords
- Kaisertum, Kalifat, Papsttum imperator, basileus, Kalif, Khagan Transkulturalität Mittelmeerraum Karl der Große Theoderich der Große Sultan Saladin Æthelstan Europa, Byzantinisches Reich, Mittlerer Osten „Barbaren“, Steppenvölker, Franken, Angelsachsen, Skandinavier Byzantiner, Araber
- Published
- Frankfurt am Main, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2017. 380 pp., 2 ill., 2 tables
- Product Safety
- Peter Lang Group AG
