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Happy Passion

Studies in Kierkegaard’s Theory of Faith

by Gerhard Schreiber (Author)
©2018 Monographs XXII, 278 Pages

Summary

Faith was not only the theme of Søren Kierkegaard’s life, but also the systematic center of his thought. The studies collected in this volume represent an attempt to understand Kierkegaard’s theory of faith from different perspectives and on different levels of analysis. Not only will the central aspects and fundamental challenges of his theory be illuminated, the development of his theory of faith, which is marked by a wide array of educational and discursive contexts, will also be investigated against the background of his engagement with the philosophical-theological debates of his time and close involvement with other thinkers in his immediate environment. The volume concludes with a glance at the history of the translation and reception of Kierkegaard’s work.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • About the author
  • About the book
  • Citability of the eBook
  • Epigraph
  • Contents
  • Introduction
  • Abbreviations
  • Series Page
  • I. Kierkegaard and His Contemporaries
  • 1 I.H. Fichte and the Philosophical “Volatilization” of Faith
  • 1.1 Fichte’s Argument in The Idea of Personhood (1834)
  • 1.2 Kierkegaard’s Critique of Fichte
  • 1.3 The Philosophical “Volatilization” of the Concept of Faith
  • 2. The Real Targets of Kierkegaard’s Critique of Characterizing Faith as “the Immediate”
  • 2.1 “The First Immediate” in Hegel’s Science of Logic
  • 2.2 “That Which Schleiermacher Calls ‘Religion’ ”
  • 2.3 The “Hegelian Dogmaticians”
  • 2.4 The Particular Targets of Kierkegaard’s Critique
  • 3. Faith as a “Paradox” and “by Virtue of the Absurd”? Kierkegaard’s Dispute with Eiríksson
  • 3.1 On Eiríksson’s Life
  • 3.2 Kierkegaard’s Dispute with Eiríksson
  • 3.2.1 Kierkegaard’s Reaction to Eiríksson’s Praise
  • 3.2.2 Is Faith a Paradox and “by Virtue of the Absurd”? (1850)
  • 3.2.3 Kierkegaard’s Drafts of a Public Reply to Eiríksson’s Critique
  • 3.3 Kierkegaard’s Behavior toward Eiríksson: An Attempt at an Interpretation
  • II. Central Aspects of Kierkegaard’s Theory of Faith
  • 4. Life-View
  • 4.1 The Argumentation of From the Papers of One Still Living
  • 4.2 Life-View and Faith
  • 4.2.1 Hirsch’s Position
  • 4.2.2 Klenke’s Position
  • 4.2.3 Comparison and Evaluation
  • 4.3 Conclusion
  • 5. Immediacy
  • 5.1 Exploring the Term “Immediacy”
  • 5.2 The “New Immediacy” of Faith
  • 5.3 Losing and Recovering “Immediacy”
  • 6. Transition
  • 7. Leap
  • III. Developments and Challenges
  • 8. Fathoming the Origin of Kierkegaard’s Paradox Christology
  • 8.1 Sketch of the Problem
  • 8.2 (Hypo-)Theses on the Origins of Kierkegaard’s Paradox Christology
  • 8.2.1 The Appeal to Kierkegaard’s Own Life Story (Hayo Gerdes)
  • 8.2.2 The Appeal to Kierkegaard’s Reception of Lessing (Hermann Fischer)
  • 8.3 Lessing, Strauss, and the Project of the Climacus Writings
  • 8.4 Conclusion
  • 9. On the (Dis)Continuity in Kierkegaard’s Understanding of Faith
  • 9.1 Moments of Continuity
  • 9.2 From a Positive to a Negative Relation of Faith to Reality
  • 9.3 On the Background to the Revocation of “Abrahamic Faith”
  • 9.4 Factors and Circumstances
  • 9.5 The Significance of Luther
  • 10. “Thy Will Be Done.” Faith and Theonomic Ethics in Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling
  • 10.1 The Euthyphro Dilemma
  • 10.2 Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling (1843)
  • 10.2.1 Problema I: “Is There a Teleological Suspension of the Ethical?”
  • 10.2.2 Problema II: “Is There an Absolute Duty to God?”
  • 10.2.3 Problema III: “Was It Ethically Defensible for Abraham to Conceal His Undertaking from Sarah, from Eliezer, and from Isaac?”
  • 10.2.4 Faith
  • 10.3 Kierkegaard and the Euthyphro Dilemma: Conclusion
  • IV. Translation and Reception of Kierkegaard
  • 11. Falsifying Kierkegaard’s Account of Faith: Christoph Schrempf
  • 11.1 The Life of Schrempf and Kierkegaard’s Importance for “the Schrempf Affair”
  • 11.1.1 The Life of Schrempf
  • 11.1.2 “The Schrempf Affair”
  • 11.2 Schrempf’s Importance for the (German) Reception of Kierkegaard
  • 11.2.1 Schrempf’s Editions and Translations of Kierkegaard
  • 11.2.2 The Edition of Kierkegaard’s Collected Works
  • 11.3 Schrempf as Translator of Kierkegaard
  • 11.4 A Concluding Note
  • List of First Publications
  • Index of Persons

Introduction

This volume brings together select articles on Søren Kierkegaard’s (1813–1855) theory of faith that have hitherto been scattered, some in remote places, some in German, and now translated1 and/or edited for publication in this collection. Faith was not only the theme of Kierkegaard’s life, but also the systematic center of his thought. The studies collected in this volume represent an attempt to understand Kierkegaard’s theory of faith from different perspectives and on different levels of analysis. The development of his theory of faith, which is marked by a wide array of educational and discursive contexts, will also be investigated before the background of his engagement with the philosophical-theological debates of his time and close involvement with other thinkers in his immediate environment. The volume concludes with a glance at the history of the translation and reception of Kierkegaard’s work.

The eleven studies correspondingly fall into four sections. The three chapters of Section I are devoted to Kierkegaard’s engagement with other thinkers who were not only his contemporaries, but also close in his intellectual vicinity, and who exercised a profound influence on the clarification and development of his understanding of faith. Chapter 1 deals with the question: Who is Kierkegaard’s target when he criticizes the philosophical ‘volatilization’ of Christian faith? I will argue that Kierkegaard’s early dispute with the younger Fichte, i.e., Immanuel Hermann Fichte (1796–1879), can be considered not only as the background of this critique, but also as the key to its proper understanding. According to Kierkegaard, the philosophical ‘volatilization’ of Christian faith consists in the inappropriate usage of this term within the philosophical realm, a misuse which results from conflating the realms and boundaries of philosophy and Christianity. In Chapter 2 I will investigate the genuine targets of Kierkegaard’s critique of characterizing faith as ‘the immediate,’ which can be found in almost all of Kierkegaard’s pseudonymous works. After delineating the factual context of the expression ‘the (first) immediate,’ I will show that it is neither Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834) nor Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) or Philipp Marheineke (1780–1846), but rather Kierkegaard’s contemporaries in Copenhagen, Hans Lassen Martensen (1808–1884) and Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1791–1860), who should be considered the particular targets of his critique. Chapter 3 deals with the Icelandic theologian and religious author Magnús Eiríksson (1806–1881), a forgotten contemporary of Kierkegaard in Golden Age Denmark and an unwanted ally of Kierkegaard in their shared opposition to Danish Hegelianism. It is my aim to point out the importance of the Kierkegaard-Eiríksson dispute for every approach to Kierkegaard’s theory of faith, since in Kierkegaard’s drafted replies to Eiríksson’s critique, we encounter decisive statements not only about the meaning of ‘the absurd’ and ‘the paradox,’ but also about the perspectival and relative qualities of his pseudonyms in this regard.

The four chapters of Section II consider central aspects of Kierkegaard’s theory of faith. Chapter 4 explores the relation between Kierkegaard’s concept of a ‘life-view,’ understood as a certain quality of a person’s character, and his early account of Christian faith. This relation has been interpreted in different, at times incompatible ways by Kierkegaard-scholars. After comparing in detail the concepts of ‘life-view’ and faith I will show that defining a ‘life-view’ as “an unshakable certainty in oneself won from all experience”2—Kierkegaard’s formula in his debut book From the Papers of One Still Living (1838)—essentially conforms with his characterization of faith as an ‘a priori certainty.’ Chapter 5 discusses Kierkegaard’s account of faith as ‘the new immediacy.’ After considering the term ‘immediacy’ with respect to its semantic ambiguity and to the different senses in which it can be used, i.e., as an epistemological assumption and as an ontological assumption, I will argue that this very distinction can provide a hermeneutic key for an understanding of Kierkegaard’s account of faith. Chapters 6 and 7 deal with Kierkegaard’s talk of the transition into faith as a ‘leap’—a transition he elsewhere designates as a ‘qualitative’ or ‘pathos-laden transition.’ Both the concept of ‘leap’ and that of ‘transition’ shall be disclosed before the background of their multifarious usages and contexts in Kierkegaard’s œuvre, each in its own exact meaning.

Section III focuses on far-reaching developments and changes of as well as fundamental challenges to Kierkegaard’s theory of faith. Chapter 8 considers the origins of Kierkegaard’s paradox Christology. By the spring of 1843, Kierkegaard’s Christology had changed radically: he now attributed paradoxicality to the person of Jesus Christ. Through a critical reading of influential attempts within Kierkegaard research to explain the roots and background of Kierkegaard’s paradox Christology, I will argue that the project undertaken in Kierkegaard’s Climacus writings, where the paradox Christology found its most prominent expression, had its starting-point in his reading of David Friedrich Strauss (1808–1874). Chapter 9 will shed light on a remarkable difference between the younger and the later Kierkegaard’s account of faith. Whereas up through the Concluding Unscientific Postscript (1846), Kierkegaard understands and describes the relation between faith and reality as a positive one, in his later works a negative assessment of the relation of faith to reality grows ever more important, ultimately culminating in the demand for a world-renouncing imitation Christianity, i.e., a Christianity focused on the imitation [Efterfølgelse] of Christ. Whereas faith in the Climacus writings represents “that happy passion” [hiin lykkelige Lidenskab] in which “the understanding and the paradox happily encounter each other in the moment,”3 in Kierkegaard’s late works this passion of faith, understood as an infinite interest in eternal happiness, crystallizes ever more clearly as a passion that generates suffering in the outer world. I will examine this fundamental change in terms of its background, along with the factors and circumstances conditioning it, and highlight the role of Martin Luther (1483–1546) in this context. In Chapter 10 Kierkegaard’s understanding of faith is examined in the context of the question of a religious grounding of ethical norms, which is, so to speak, a “thorn in the flesh” (2 Cor 12:7) of any consistently Protestant-theological ethic—that ethic which sees itself forced to take the Lutheran principle of a coextensivity of the good and that which is willed by God as its starting point, whereby the goodness, and thus the deontological imperativeness of an action is to remain rooted in its manifest harmony with God’s will. Before the background of the so-called Euthyphro dilemma the relation of faith and theonomic ethics in Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling (1843) is presented, and fundamental challenges to Kierkegaard’s account are pointed out.

Finally, Section IV deals with the history of the translation and reception of Kierkegaard’s works by providing a particularly impressive example: Christoph Schrempf (1860–1944)—the ‘Swabian Socrates.’ After offering an overview of Schrempf’s life and taking stock of Schrempf’s importance for the reception of Kierkegaard both within and outside the German-speaking world, I will point out the problematic consequences of Schrempf’s influence as a Kierkegaard translator on the reception of Kierkegaard, since Schrempf’s translations must be regarded as error-ridden—and in some cases deeply distorting. And I will show that this is true not least for the representation of Kierkegaard’s account of faith. Further, the problematic of speaking of a ‘leap of faith’ (as if the leap were itself an act of faith), which is a familiar, widely used slogan commonly ascribed to Kierkegaard, but in fact represents an erroneous interpretation of his theory of faith, shall be made apparent.

Just as all our knowledge is piecemeal (1 Cor 13:9), so too can these studies represent but fragments of a larger whole. Yet I have hope that many of the ideas and considerations rendered here may contribute to a better understanding of this fascinating thinker and “religious author from the very beginning.”4

I would express my cordial gratitude to all those who have accompanied and supported the genesis of these studies in multifarious and constructive ways. A few of them shall be named here especially: Heiko Schulz (Frankfurt am Main), whose keen observations and ideas were extraordinarily helpful in the treatment of this material; Niels Jørgen Cappelørn (Copenhagen), from whose truly formidable knowledge of Kierkegaard I was allowed to profit in innumerable dialogues; Jon Stewart (Bratislava), whose manifold studies have enabled me to gain a deeper understanding of Kierkegaard’s position in the context of the philosophy of his time, and Bruce H. Kirmmse (Copenhagen/Randolph, New Hampshire), who has always stood by me both as a professional colleague and a personal friend.

Darmstadt, June 2018

Gerhard Schreiber

1I would like to thank David D. Possen (Copenhagen) and Alan Duncan (Vienna) for their support and assistance in translating and proofreading.

2SKS 1, 32/EPW, 76.

3SKS 4, 261/PF, 59; see also SKS 4, 257/PF, 54 and SKS 4, 263/PF, 61.

4SKS 16, 17/PV, 31.

Abbreviations

1 Kierkegaard’s Primary Texts

1.1 Danish Abbreviations

B-fort. H.P. Barfod, “Fortegnelse over de efter Søren Aabye Kierkegaards Død forefundne Papirer.—1856 (24/2 – 3/11) optaget af H.P. Barfod. Aalborg” [Catalogue of the Papers Found after the Death of Søren Aabye Kierkegaard.—1856 (24/2 – 3/11) drawn up by H.P. Barfod. Aalborg]. Manuscript.
Bl.art. S. Kierkegaard’s Bladartikler, med Bilag samlede efter Forfatterens Død [af P.Chr. Zahle], udgivne som Supplement til hans øvrige Skrifter [S. Kierkegaard’s Newspaper Articles, with an Appendix Collected after the Author’s Death (by P.Chr. Zahle), Published as a Supplement to His Other Works], ed. by Rasmus Nielsen, Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel 1857.
EP Af Søren Kierkegaards Efterladte Papirer [From the Posthumous Papers of Søren Kierkegaard], vols. 1-9, ed. by H.P. Barfod and Hermann Gottsched, Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel 1869–1881.
KA The Kierkegaard Archive at the Royal Library in Copenhagen.
NKS Ny Kongelige Samling [New Royal Collection], a special collection at the Royal Library in Copenhagen.
Pap. Søren Kierkegaards Papirer [The Papers of Søren Kierkegaard], vols. I to XI-3, ed. by Peter Andreas Heiberg, Victor Kuhr and Einer Torsting, Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag 1909–1948; second, expanded ed., vols. I to XI-3, by Niels Thulstrup, vols. XII to XIII supplementary volumes, ed. by Niels Thulstrup, vols. XIV to XVI index by Niels Jørgen Cappelørn, Copenhagen: Gyldendal 1968–1978.
SV1 Søren Kierkegaards Samlede Værker [The Collected Works of Søren Kierkegaard], ed. by Anders Bjørn Drachmann, Johan Ludvig Heiberg and Hans Ostenfeldt Lange, vols. I-XIV, Copenhagen: Gyldendal 1901–1906.
SV2 Søren Kierkegaards Samlede Værker [The Collected Works of Søren Kierkegaard], 2nd ed., vols. I-XV, ed. by Anders Bjørn Drachmann, Johan Ludvig Heiberg and Hans Ostenfeldt Lange, Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag 1920–1936.
SKS Søren Kierkegaards Skrifter [Søren Kierkegaard’s Writings], vols. 1-55, ed. by Niels Jørgen Cappelørn, Joakim Garff, Anne Mette Hansen, Johnny Kondrup, and Alastair McKinnon, Copenhagen: G.E.C. Gads Forlag 1997–2013.

1.2 English Abbreviations

AN Armed Neutrality, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1998 (KW 22).
AR On Authority and Revelation, The Book on Adler, trans. by Walter Lowrie, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1955.
ACKL The Auction Catalogue of Kierkegaard’s Library, ed. by Katalin Nun, Gerhard Schreiber and Jon Stewart, Farnham and Burlington: Ashgate 2015 (Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources, vol. 20).
BA The Book on Adler, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1998 (KW 24).
C The Crisis and a Crisis in the Life of an Actress, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1997 (KW 17).
CA The Concept of Anxiety, trans. by Reidar Thomte in collaboration with Albert B. Anderson, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1980 (KW 17).
CD Christian Discourses, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1997.
CI The Concept of Irony, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1989 (KW 2).
CIC The Concept of Irony, trans. with an Introduction and Notes by Lee M. Capel, London: Collins 1966.
COR The Corsair Affair and Articles Related to the Writings, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1982 (KW 13).
CUP1 Concluding Unscientific Postscript, vol. 1, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1992 (KW 12).
CUP2 Concluding Unscientific Postscript, vol. 2, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1992 (KW 12).
EO1 Either/Or, Part I, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1987 (KW 3).
EO2 Either/Or, Part II, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1987 (KW 4).
EOP Either/Or, trans. by Alastair Hannay, Harmondsworth: Penguin 1992.
EPW Early Polemical Writings (among others: From the Papers of One Still Living; Articles from Student Days; The Battle Between the Old and the New Soap-Cellars), trans. by Julia Watkin, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1990 (KW 1).
EUD Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1990 (KW 15).
FPOSL From the Papers of One Still Living, in Early Polemical Writings, trans. by Julia Watkin, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1990 (KW 1).
FSE For Self-Examination, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1990 (KW 21).
FT Fear and Trembling, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1983 (KW 6).
FTP Fear and Trembling, trans. with an introduction by Alastair Hannay, Harmondsworth: Penguin 1985.
JC Johannes Climacus, or De omnibus dubitandum est, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1985 (KW 7).
JFY Judge for Yourself!, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1990 (KW 21).
JP Søren Kierkegaard’s Journals and Papers, ed. and trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, assisted by Gregor Malantschuk, vols. 1-6, vol. 7 Index and Composite Collation, Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press 1967–1978.
KAC Kierkegaard’s Attack upon “Christendom,” 1854–1855, trans. by Walter Lowrie, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1944.
KW Kierkegaard’s Writings, vols. 1-26, ed. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1978–2000.
KJN Kierkegaard’s Journals and Notebooks, vols. 1-11, ed. by Niels Jørgen Cappelørn, Alastair Hannay, David Kangas, Bruce H. Kirmmse, George Pattison, Vanessa Rumble, and K. Brian Söderquist. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press 2007-.
LD Letters and Documents, trans. by Henrik Rosenmeier, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1978 (A translation of B&A) (KW 25).
LF The Lily of the Field and the Bird of the Air. Three Godly Discourses, translated and with an introduction by Bruce H. Kirmmse, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press 2016.
M The Moment and Late Writings (including Articles from Fædrelandet; The Moment, nos. 1–10; This Must Be Said, So Let It Be Said; What Christ Judges of Official Christianity; The Changelessness of God), trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1998 (KW 23).
NSBL “Notes on Schelling’s Berlin Lectures,” in The Concept of Irony, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1989 (KW 2).
P Prefaces/Writing Sampler, trans. by Todd W. Nichol, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1997 (KW 9).
PC Practice in Christianity, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1991 (KW 20).
PF Philosophical Fragments, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1985 (KW 7).
PJ Papers and Journals: A Selection, trans. with introductions and notes by Alastair Hannay, Harmondsworth: Penguin 1996.
PLR Prefaces: Light Reading for Certain Classes as the Occasion May Require, trans. by William McDonald, Tallahassee: Florida State University Press 1989.
PLS Concluding Unscientific Postscript, trans. by David F. Swenson and Walter Lowrie, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1941.
PVL The Point of View for My Work as an Author (including On My Work as an Author), trans. by Walter Lowrie, New York and London: Oxford University Press 1939.
PV The Point of View (including On My Work as an Author; The Point of View for My Work as an Author, and Armed Neutrality), trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1998 (KW 22).
R Repetition, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1983 (KW 6).
SDP The Sickness unto Death, trans. with an introduction and notes by Alastair Hannay, Harmondsworth: Penguin 1989.
SLW Stages on Life’s Way, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong Princeton: Princeton University Press 1988 (KW 11).
SUD The Sickness unto Death, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1980 (KW 19).
SUDP The Sickness unto Death, trans. by Alastair Hannay, Harmondsworth: Penguin 1989.
TA Two Ages: The Age of Revolution and the Present Age. A Literary Review, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1978 (KW 10).
TD Three Discourses on Imagined Occasions, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1993 (KW 10).
UD Upbuilding Discourses in Various Spirits, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1993 (KW 15).
WA Without Authority (including The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air, Two Ethical-Religious Essays, Three Discourses at the Communion on Fridays, An Upbuilding Discourse, Two Discourses at the Communion on Fridays), trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1997 (KW 18).
WL Works of Love, trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1995 (KW 16).

2 Hegel’s Primary Texts

EL The Encyclopaedia Logic. Part I of the Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences with the Zusätze, trans. by Theodore F. Geraets, Wallis A. Suchting, and Henry S. Harris, Indianapolis: Hackett 1991.
HPh Lectures on the History of Philosophy, vol. 3, trans. by Elizabeth S. Haldane and Frances H. Simson, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. 1896.
HPh (1825–6) Lectures on the History of Philosophy: 1825–6, vol. 3, Medieval and Modern Philosophy (revised edition), trans. by Robert F. Brown, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009.
PhM Hegel’s Philosophy of Mind. A Revised Version of the Wallace and Miller Translation [Part III of the Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Science], trans. by Michael Inwood, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010.
PhR Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion. Together with a Work on the Proofs of the Existence of God, vols. 1-3, trans. [from the 2nd German edition] by Ebenezer Brown Speirs and J. Burdon Sanderson, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. 1895.
PhRH Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion. One-Volume Edition. The Lectures of 1827, trans. and ed. by Peter Crafts Hodgson, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2006.
PR Elements of the Philosophy of Right, ed. by Allen Wood, trans. by Hugh Barr Nisbet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
SL The Science of Logic, trans. by George di Giovanni, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
TWA Werke, ed. by Eva Moldenhauer and Karl Markus Michel, vols. 1-20, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 1986.

3 Abbreviations of Bible Versions/Books of the Bible

KJV The Bible: Authorized King James Version with Apocrypha, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1997.
NRSV Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version with Apocrypha, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press 1989.
NT-1819 The authorized Danish translation of the New Testament from 1819, in Biblia, det er: den ganske Hellige Skrifts Bøger, med Flid efterseete og rettede efter Grundtexten, saa og med mange Parallelsteder og udførlige Indholdsfortegnelser forsynede, 18th edition, Copenhagen: Kongelige Vaisenhuses Forlag 1830 (ACKL 7).
OT-1740 The authorized Danish translation of the Old Testament and the Apocrypha from 1740, in Biblia, det er: den ganske Hellige Skrifts Bøger, med Flid efterseete og rettede efter Grundtexten, saa og med mange Parallelsteder og udførlige Indholdsfortegnelser forsynede, 18th edition, Copenhagen: Kongelige Vaisenhuses Forlag 1830 (ACKL 7).

Old Testament (OT)

Details

Pages
XXII, 278
Year
2018
ISBN (PDF)
9783631774311
ISBN (ePUB)
9783631774328
ISBN (MOBI)
9783631774335
ISBN (Hardcover)
9783631772454
DOI
10.3726/b14914
Language
English
Publication date
2018 (December)
Keywords
Philosophy Theology Philosophy of Religion Dogmatics Ethics Christianity
Published
Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2018. XXII, 275 pp.

Biographical notes

Gerhard Schreiber (Author)

Gerhard Schreiber is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Theology and Social Ethics (iths) at the Technical University of Darmstadt.

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