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Atheism and Theism in Contemporary Fantasy Fiction

«Heavens of Invention»

by Daniel Scott (Author)
©2023 Thesis 314 Pages

Summary

The beginning of the 21st century saw the rise of "New" Atheism and a resulting conflict with Theists – at the same time as the resurgence of fantasy in popular culture. This volume analyses the impact of Theist and Atheist thought on the narratology of four highly popular works of contemporary fantastic fiction. In doing so, the work demonstrates how the ideological stances and the associated patterns of thought colour the novels’ stylistic and narrative devices. The book also presents a new conditional genre metric that not only helps overcome previous impasses within fantastic genre categories but also allows insight into the aforementioned patterns of Atheist and Theist thinking.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • About the author
  • About the book
  • This eBook can be cited
  • Acknowledgements
  • Table of Contents
  • Stylistic Notes
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 The Rise of New Atheism
  • 1.2 Reactions and Development
  • 1.3 The Resurgence of Fantasy in Popular Culture
  • 1.4 Definitions and Terminology
  • 1.5 Literature
  • 1.5.1 Left Behind (1995–2007) by Jerry B. Jenkins and Tim LaHaye
  • 1.5.2 His Dark Materials (1995–2000) by Philip Pullman
  • 1.5.3 Twilight (2005–2008) by Stephenie Meyer
  • 1.5.4 The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams (1979–1992)
  • 1.5.5 Secondary Literature Considerations
  • 1.6 Analysis and Structure
  • 2 “Within this Wooden O” – Terminology and Definitions
  • 2.1 Atheism and Theism
  • 2.1.1 Philosophical Definitions
  • 2.1.1.1 Theism
  • 2.1.1.2 Atheism
  • 2.1.1.3 Theism and Religion
  • 2.1.1.4 Atheism and Science
  • 2.1.2 Theist and Atheist Reasoning
  • 2.1.3 Literary Implications
  • 2.2 Fantasy
  • 2.2.1 Conceptualisations of Fantasy and the Fantastic
  • 2.2.2 Left Behind: A Fantastic Paradox?
  • 2.2.3 The Fantastic Genres: A Grammatical Approach
  • 2.2.4 If [World], Then [Fantastic]: The Conditions of Conditionals
  • 3 “Two Mighty Monarchies” – Theism and Atheism in the Fantastic
  • 3.1 Babel Fish and 42 – The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy
  • 3.1.1 Gods and Power
  • 3.1.2 Omniscience and Truth
  • 3.1.3 Morality and Benevolence
  • 3.1.4 Evolution and Existential Singularity
  • 3.1.4.1 Flying as Atheistic Quasi-Salvation
  • 3.1.5 The Atheist Gedankenspiel of The Hitchhiker’s Guide
  • 3.1.6 Omniscient Narration and Stylistic Devices
  • 3.1.7 The Heart of Gold as an Atheist Counter to the Deus ex Machina
  • 3.1.8 Concluding Remarks
  • 3.2 Multidimensional Milton – His Dark Materials
  • 3.2.1 Mythology and Narrative
  • 3.2.2 Opposing the Narrative Absolute
  • 3.2.2.1 Authority’s End – Power in His Dark Materials
  • 3.2.2.2 Lyra and Deception – The Perspectival Truth of His Dark Materials
  • 3.2.2.3 Ethics for Polar Bears – Moral Subjectivism in His Dark Materials
  • 3.2.2.4 Atheist Alpha and Omega – Reward and Creation Deconstructed
  • 3.2.3 Because I am… – Pullman’s Naturalistic Imperative
  • 3.2.4 Denatura et Impera? Biblical Strategies Revisited
  • 3.2.5 His Dark Materials: A New Atheist Narrative
  • 3.3 Necro-Nephites and Lycanthrope Lamanites: Twilight
  • 3.3.1 Is that you, Joe?: Mormon Myth and Allegory
  • 3.3.2 Theist Markers in the Twilight Saga
  • 3.3.2.1 Power and Sacrifice
  • 3.3.2.2 Truth and Revelation
  • 3.3.2.3 Stalking for Prophet: Morality in the Twilight Saga
  • 3.3.2.4 Sacrifice and Reward
  • 3.3.3 Dreams of a Meadow – Twilight as Apologetic Space
  • 3.3.4 Concluding Remarks
  • 3.4 Revelation Reloaded: Left Behind
  • 3.4.1 God ↔Truth
  • 3.4.2 God ↔ Order
  • 3.4.3 God ↔ Good
  • 3.4.4 God ↔ Love
  • 3.4.5 Ex Falso Quodlibet: Binary Paradox in Left Behind’s Antagonists
  • 3.4.6 Mine Eyes Have Seen The Glory . . . And Nothing Else Matters: The Monological Narrative of Left Behind
  • 3.5 “…into an Hourglass”: Analytical Conclusions
  • 3.5.1 Atheist Fantasy Fiction
  • 3.5.2 Theist Fantasy Fiction
  • 3.5.3 Gedankenspiel vs Myth: Framing Theist/Atheist Modes in Conditionals
  • 4 “Imaginary Forces” - Delineating Theist and Atheist Narratology
  • 4.1 Dialogical (Linear) vs Monological (Circular) Functions
  • 4.2 Of Circles Undisturbed: The Argumentational Dimensions of Theist Narratology
  • 4.3 Narratology from Above: Pressgang Similes
  • 4.4 Riding the Elephant: Embracing Faith in Style
  • 4.5 Iff Only: The Theist Conditional Mode
  • 4.6 Concluding Remarks
  • 5 Conclusion
  • 5.1 The Conditional Model
  • 5.2 The New Theist Narratology
  • 5.3 Cultural Implications
  • 5.4 Fantasy
  • 5.5 Caveats, Outlook and Final Remarks
  • Bibliography

Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche
Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche
Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the
internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.

Cover illustration:
Cover art by Fatima Alhalyan

 

 

D 77
ISSN 0170-9135
ISBN 978-3-631-90575-3 (Print) · E-ISBN 978-3-631-90576-0 (E-PDF)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-90577-7 (EPUB)
DOI 10.3726/b21297

© 2023 Peter Lang Group AG, Lausanne

Published by Peter Lang GmbH, Berlin, Deutschland

info@peterlang.com http://www.peterlang.com/
All rights reserved.

Lausanne - Berlin - Bruxelles - Chennai - New York - Oxford

All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any
utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without
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translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in
electronic retrieval systems.

This publication has been peer reviewed.

About the author

Daniel Scott studied English and Philosophy at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, where he has since taught courses in English and American Studies. He combines his interests in fantastic literature and subculture, religious ideology and politics, the Atheist-Theist contention and their effects on contemporary popular culture.

About the book

The beginning of the 21st century saw the rise of “New” Atheism and a resulting conflict with Theists – at the same time as the resurgence of fantasy in popular culture. This volume analyses the impact of Theist and Atheist thought on the narratology of four highly popular works of contemporary fantastic fiction. In doing so, this work demonstrates how the ideological stances and their associated patterns of thought influence the stylistic and narrative elements of these novels. The book also presents a new conditional genre metric that not only helps overcome previous impasses within fantastic genre categories but also allows insight into the underlying patterns of Atheist and Theist thinking.

This eBook can be cited

This edition of the eBook can be cited. To enable this we have marked the start and end of a page. In cases where a word straddles a page break, the marker is placed inside the word at exactly the same position as in the physical book. This means that occasionally a word might be bifurcated by this marker.

Acknowledgements

All things start out small. I would like to thank the Giordano Bruno Stiftung who believed in me enough to give me a one-time research grant when I began this project in 2013. By their own words it might not have been much, but their faith in my work (oh the irony) kept me going for much longer.

I am indebted to the participants of the Professor Herget’s Doktorandenkolloquium, who in the course of the last decade have read, critiqued and helped me grow and improve upon what was to become this dissertation. I would especially like to thank Jacqueline Dagdagan, Dr Vanessa Keiper, Lars Kiesel, Sabina Omerhodzic and Caroline Weis for their tireless contributions, which often made me stop and think, and always helped me smile and continue. I also owe a great thanks to Nathalie Schwering for her shrewd professional eye with which she read the entire Douglas Adams chapter.

My special and heartfelt thanks go to Hosei Halim, Cornelia Matthes and Maria Vareli for their wonderful, caring and overwhelming support in preparing and accompanying the defence of this thesis, with complete disregard for holidays, stress levels or international distances. I owe you guys. So much. Doktoranden without Borders!

In particular I would like to thank Miriam Thomé-Unger for literally all of the above and more, from her insightful feedback to her incredible support and most of all for her calm and ever-patient assistance, especially but not only during my expedition into the tropics and for her special outfit surprise.

Of course, I would never have met the people above, nor had the opportunity to turn what was a not-quite-optimal state exam thesis into the dissertation at hand, without Professor Dr Winfried Herget himself. His dedication and inspiration bring out the same in all of us who labour with him, and bring us together in doing so. The English language has no proper equivalent to the German “Doktorvater”. I do believe that to be a fault: Professor Herget’s love of American Studies, his hard work, firm criticism, constant support and benevolent reminders of his own impending mortality have seen countless students through their exams, Magister, BA’s, MA’s and PhDs, and I am truly grateful to count myself among them.

I would also like to thank my other examiners Professor Dr Mita Banerjee and Professor Dr Rainer Emig for their efforts in the final phase of my thesis, for their time and feedback, pointed criticism and warm praises alike.

Academia helped me grow this thesis, but its origins begin way before I arrived at university. They begin with my mum playing the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy to me on my parents’ record player; with my dad taking me to see what looked to me like a supercomputer in the early 1990s; with my grandparents sending me copies of His Dark Materials from England as soon as they were out. The first edition of Amber Spyglass that my granddad took to be signed by Philip Pullman is sitting on my shelf next to the beautiful copy of the King James Bible. They will always be with me.

My special thanks go to Fatima Al-Halyan, whose cover art design shows that you can arrive late to a party and still make the front page. To all the parties yet to come.

Finally, despite all the help, early, late and middling, I could not have done any of this without the unwavering support of the person who distrusts academia but loves books more than I do; whose cooking and event planning received at least as many compliments as this dissertation, and deserved every one and more; who back in 2007 told me about Twilight at the same time I was taking Professor Herget’s lecture on Mormonism; who kept me working and fed and sane throughout the years, who has always been my greatest critic and yet never doubted me. To my wife Jessica: In this life and the next, and all the ones we rolled up in between.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

Stylistic Notes

1 Introduction

1.1 The Rise of New Atheism

1.2 Reactions and Development

1.3 The Resurgence of Fantasy in Popular Culture

1.4 Definitions and Terminology

1.5 Literature

1.5.1 Left Behind (1995–2007) by Jerry B. Jenkins and Tim LaHaye

1.5.2His Dark Materials (1995–2000) by Philip Pullman

1.5.3 Twilight (2005–2008) by Stephenie Meyer

1.5.4 The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams (1979–1992)

1.5.5 Secondary Literature Considerations

1.6 Analysis and Structure

2 “Within this Wooden O” – Terminology and Definitions

2.1 Atheism and Theism

2.1.1 Philosophical Definitions

2.1.1.1 Theism

2.1.1.2 Atheism

2.1.1.3 Theism and Religion

2.1.1.4 Atheism and Science

2.1.2 Theist and Atheist Reasoning

2.1.3 Literary Implications

2.2 Fantasy

2.2.1 Conceptualisations of Fantasy and the Fantastic

2.2.2Left Behind: A Fantastic Paradox?

2.2.3 The Fantastic Genres: A Grammatical Approach

2.2.4 If [World], Then [Fantastic]: The Conditions of Conditionals

3 “Two Mighty Monarchies” – Theism and Atheism in the Fantastic

3.1 Babel Fish and 42 – The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy

3.1.1 Gods and Power

3.1.2 Omniscience and Truth

3.1.3 Morality and Benevolence

3.1.4 Evolution and Existential Singularity

3.1.4.1 Flying as Atheistic Quasi-Salvation

3.1.5 The Atheist Gedankenspiel of The Hitchhiker’s Guide

3.1.6 Omniscient Narration and Stylistic Devices

3.1.7 The Heart of Gold as an Atheist Counter to the Deus ex Machina

3.1.8 Concluding Remarks

3.2 Multidimensional Milton – His Dark Materials

3.2.1 Mythology and Narrative

3.2.2 Opposing the Narrative Absolute

3.2.2.1 Authority’s End – Power in His Dark Materials

3.2.2.2 Lyra and Deception – The Perspectival Truth of His Dark Materials

3.2.2.3 Ethics for Polar Bears – Moral Subjectivism in His Dark Materials

3.2.2.4 Atheist Alpha and Omega – Reward and Creation Deconstructed

3.2.3Because I am… – Pullman’s Naturalistic Imperative

3.2.4Denatura et Impera? Biblical Strategies Revisited

3.2.5His Dark Materials: A New Atheist Narrative

3.3 Necro-Nephites and Lycanthrope Lamanites: Twilight

3.3.1Is that you, Joe?: Mormon Myth and Allegory

3.3.2 Theist Markers in the Twilight Saga

3.3.2.1 Power and Sacrifice

3.3.2.2 Truth and Revelation

Details

Pages
314
Year
2023
ISBN (PDF)
9783631905760
ISBN (ePUB)
9783631905777
ISBN (Hardcover)
9783631905753
DOI
10.3726/b21297
Language
English
Publication date
2023 (November)
Keywords
Stephenie Meyer Twilight Atheism Theism Fantasy Literature Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Dark Materials
Published
Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2023. 314 pp., 1 fig. b/w.

Biographical notes

Daniel Scott (Author)

Daniel Scott studied English and Philosophy at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, where he has since taught courses in English and American Studies. He combines interests in fantastic literature and subculture, religious ideology and politics, the atheist-theist contention and their effects on contemporary popular culture.

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Title: Atheism and Theism in Contemporary Fantasy Fiction