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Jewish Fugitives in the Polish Countryside, 1939–1945

Beyond the German Holocaust Project

by Joanna Tokarska-Bakir (Author)
©2022 Monographs 440 Pages

Summary

Focused on the struggle to survive by the Jewish Poles stranded in the Polish countryside during the Holocaust, case studies collected in this volume are based on research carried out at Poland’s Institute of National Remembrance. Where possible, they are also complemented by Jewish survivors’ testimonies dispersed throughout the world. There are at least two leitmotifs recurring throughout all texts: What are the social correlates of the anti-Jewish violence undertaken by Polish neighbours without German initiative and even knowledge? Are there certain types of social relationships more subject or prone to this kind of violence? What was the role of peasantry, social elites, and Catholic church in inciting and perpetrating it? Was this violence influenced by the Holocaust, or was it a separate form of genocidal violence?

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • About the author
  • About the book
  • This eBook can be cited
  • Table of Contents
  • Irena Grudzińska-Gross: History Persists
  • Introduction
  • 1. Zofia Nałkowska’s ‘By the Railway Track’. Historical Precedent and Literary Adaptation
  • The Woman by the Track
  • Man by the Track
  • The Woman by the Track Returns
  • False Transcendence
  • Actual Immanence
  • 2. Bełk and Other Places. The Story of Decurions-as-Hostages
  • The Hunt in Bełk
  • The Roundup
  • A Trap for Jews
  • Hostages and Decurions
  • Letters
  • The Account Given in Linz
  • Pilawski’s Trials
  • Taboo
  • 3. The Brother Months: Dirty Warriors’ Testimony
  • 1. Tale Type 480
  • 2. Dirty Warriors
  • 3. The Scene of the Crime
  • 4. The Social Status of the Perpetrators
  • 5. Province of Night?
  • 6. How Did Members of the BCh and AK Vigilante Formations Themselves Speak about What They Were Doing to the Jews?
  • 7. Methodology
  • 8. The Consequences of Agency
  • 9. Types of Torturers
  • 10. Perpetrators’ Testimony Type: Discontinuity and Disorientation
  • 4. The Home Army and Peasant Battalions’ Sabotage Teams in the Sandomierz Region. A Supplement to Zelman Baum’s Testimony
  • Introduction
  • Zelman Baum, a Profile
  • The Commanders
  • Letter Informing on Śliwiński, Sokół, and Skrzek
  • The Killing of Szmul Penczyna, September 1942
  • Błonie: the Killing of Alter Mandelbaum, October 1943
  • Trzykosy: the Killing of Mordka Perelman, 20 October 1943
  • ‘Two Jewish Lasses, Both Grown Girls,’ Bogoria, Before Christmas Eve 1943
  • Mala Perlmuter and Twelve-Year-Old Baum boy, Krzcin, 23 December 1943
  • The Wounding of Szyja Zoberman
  • Smerdyna, the Dywans’ Place
  • Raid on Koryciński’s Bunker in Smerdyna
  • Post Factum
  • The Trial
  • Conclusions
  • 5. The Righteous of Giebułtów. The National Armed Forces in the Battle against the Jews
  • Wartime Vigilantism
  • Giebułtów 7/8 May 1944
  • Witness Testimonies
  • Investigation, 1954: Piątakiewicz (‘Znicz’), TW ‘Polak’
  • Słowik (‘Bursik’)
  • Jan Grzegorczyk (‘Lisowczyk,’ TW ‘Pstrąg’)
  • Edward Ożóg (‘Nocoń’)
  • Stanisław Stelmach (‘Dąb,’ TW ‘Wicher’)
  • Unit Logbook: Michał Spanier (‘Bem’)
  • Conclusion
  • 6. ‘When Dawn Breaks.’ Adamów and Malenie, Machory Borough, Opoczno District, June 1944
  • ‘Hitler– Endek Dwa Bratanki’ (Hitler– Endek , Two Brothers)
  • The National Party in the Opoczno District During the 1930s
  • The ‘National’ Wartime Underground Press About the Jews
  • Stanisław Jóźwik: the President of the National Party in Zacharzów
  • Stanisław Wilk, Head of the National Party in Żarnów, and Lieutenant Tadeusz Zajączek
  • Execution in the Machory Woods
  • The Sentences for Zajączek and His Accomplices
  • A Miniature ‘Poznań Speech’
  • 7. The Girl and the Painter. Ostrowiec, 19 March 1945
  • The Murder on ul. Radomska 34
  • The Survivors’ Version
  • The Accounts of the Witnesses
  • The Testimonies of the Perpetrators: Ludwik Krzymiński and Kazimierz Markwart
  • Markwart and Krzymiński’s Versions of Events, as Given During the Trial
  • The Final Hearing and Verdict
  • Counternarrative
  • Other Stories
  • A Postscript: Henry Silberberg’s Testimony
  • 8. Terror in Przedbórz: The Night of May 26, 1945
  • Oral History
  • Written Sources
  • Interrogations and Trial Records
  • What Happened in Przedbórz: the Night Raid
  • Executions
  • Victims
  • Perpetrators
  • The Power and Social Structures in Postwar Przedbórz
  • A Pogrom, Vigilantism or Terrorism? Categorizing Collective Violence in Przedbórz
  • Conclusion
  • 9. Town of K.: Postscript on Gadulski
  • Testimony of Stanisław Soja
  • Chaskiel Goldkind (aka Lederman)
  • Goldkind Murder: Testimonies of Józef Przybylski and Kazimierz Karwacki
  • Gadulski: A Biographical Sketch
  • The Klimontów Pogrom 17/4/1945
  • Murder of Abram Zlotnicki
  • A Motive
  • The Murder of Two Jewish Women in Goźlice, a Couple from Byszów, a Tailor from Chmielnik, Two Drowned in the Koprzywnianka River, and Ultramarynówna...
  • The Trial and Sentence
  • At the Barber
  • 10. Error in Measurement. On Barbara Engelking’s Article ‘The Bielsk County’
  • The Nobility, Not the Peasants?
  • The Peasants
  • Mixed Marriages
  • The Memory of the Locals About Mixed Marriages with Jews
  • In Brańsk– – the Lordlike Way
  • Germans in Brańsk
  • Error of Measurement
  • 11. Gewalt Gegen Juden als ‘Wolnica’ (Lizenz zum Töten)
  • Bauern und Juden
  • Die galizischen Pogrome von 1898
  • Nach der Wiedererstehung des polnischen Staates
  • Der Krieg
  • Die Mythen
  • Der Pogrom von Kielce
  • Eliten oder Abschaum
  • 12. A Chronic Blunder
  • Dreaming
  • The landscape after the cleansing
  • ‘A new approach to the sources’
  • Bibliography
  • List of Pictures
  • List of Abbreviations
  • Index of Names
  • Series index

Details

Pages
440
Publication Year
2022
ISBN (Hardcover)
9783631849279
ISBN (PDF)
9783631854211
ISBN (ePUB)
9783631855188
ISBN (MOBI)
9783631855195
DOI
10.3726/b18433
Language
English
Publication date
2021 (November)
Keywords
the Holocaust Polish countryside genocidal violence postwar pogroms the Holocaust facilitators non-German participation in the Holocaust
Published
Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2022. 440 pp., 61 fig. b/w.
Product Safety
Peter Lang Group AG

Biographical notes

Joanna Tokarska-Bakir (Author)

Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, cultural and historical anthropologist, Polish Academy of Sciences. Her books incude: Légendes du sang (Albin Michel 2015), Pogrom Cries, Peter Lang 2017, 2019), and Społeczny portret pogromu kieleckiego (Czarna Owca 2018), for which she received the Yad Vashem International Book Prize.

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Title: Jewish Fugitives in the Polish Countryside, 1939–1945