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Educational Psychology Reader
The Art and Science of How People Learn - Revised Edition
Series:
Edited By Greg S. Goodman
The revised edition of
Educational Psychology Reader: The Art and Science of How People Learn presents an exciting amalgam of educational psychology’s research-based reflections framed in twenty-first century critical educational psychology. As a discipline, educational psychology is reinventing itself from its early and almost exclusive identification with psychometrics and taxonomy-styled classifications to a dynamic and multicultural collage of conversations concerning language acquisition, socially mediated learning, diverse learning modalities, motivation, the affective domain, brain-based learning, the role of ecology in increasing achievement, and many other complementary dimensions of how people learn. Many polymaths of the discipline are included in this volume, providing daunting evidence of the range and intellectual rigor of educational psychology at this historical juncture. Featuring a collection of renowned international authors, this text will appeal to scholars across the globe. The
Educational Psychology Reader is an ideal choice as either the primary or supplemental text for both undergraduate and graduate level educational psychology courses.
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18. Self-Efficacy: An Essential Motive to Learn
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CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
Self-Efficacy
An Essential Motive to Learn
Barry J. Zimmerman
During the past two decades, self-efficacy has emerged as a highly effective predictor of students’ motivation and learning. As a performance-based measure of perceived capability, self-efficacy differs conceptually and psychometrically from related motivational constructs, such as outcome expectations, self-concept, or locus of control. Researchers have succeeded in verifying its discriminant validity as well as convergent validity in predicting common motivational outcomes, such as students’ activity choices, effort, persistence, and emotional reactions. Self-efficacy beliefs have been found to be sensitive to subtle changes in students’ performance context, to interact with self-regulated learning processes, and to mediate students’ academic achievement. (2000, Academic Press)
Educators have long recognized that students’ beliefs about their academic capabilities play an essential role in their motivation to achieve, but self-conceptions regarding academic performance initially proved difficult to measure in a scientifically valid way. Initial efforts to study students’ self-beliefs gave little attention to the role of environmental influences, such as specific features of performance contexts or domains of academic functioning. In the late 1970s, a number of researchers began to assess self-beliefs in a more task-specific way, and one of the most important of these efforts focused on self-efficacy. Bandura (1977a) proposed a theory of the origins, mediating mechanisms, and diverse effects of beliefs of personal efficacy, and he provided guidelines for measurement of self-efficacy beliefs for different domains of functioning....
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