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Language Shift in Southern New England

Morphosyntactic Variation in Franco-American French

by Louis Edward Stelling (Author)
©2026 Prompt X, 142 Pages

Summary

This book investigates morphosyntactic variation during a unique case of language shift in two of New England’s oldest and most well-known Franco-American communities: Southbridge, MA and Woonsocket, RI. The shift from French to English is rapidly nearing completion in Southbridge, where French is quickly fading to become a memory.   
Author Louis Stelling explores morphosyntactic variation and the advance of language shift using historical documentation, U.S. census figures and interviews conducted with sixty-nine informants. By comparing the state of Franco-American to the other major varieties of North American French, this book completes the portrait of French on the continent. The distinction made between qualitative and quantitative variation will also be useful for those investigating other cases of language contact and shift.

Table Of Contents

  • Cover
  • Halftitle
  • Title
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of Tables
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Language shift
  • Chapter 2 Southbridge, Woonsocket, and la Franco-Américanie
  • Chapter 3 The sociolinguistics of language use in Southbridge and Woonsocket
  • Chapter 4 Qualitative variation: Auxiliaries in the Passé Composé
  • Chapter 5 Quantitative variation: Synthesis and analysis in the future
  • Conclusion
  • Appendix A: Questionnaire
  • Appendix B: Translation task
  • Appendix C: Characteristics of the informants
  • Works Cited
  • Other Works Consulted
  • Index

Contents

  1. List of Tables

  2. Acknowledgments

  3. Introduction

  4. Chapter 1 Language shift

  5. Chapter 2 Southbridge, Woonsocket, and la Franco-Américanie

  6. Chapter 3 The sociolinguistics of language use in Southbridge and Woonsocket

  7. Chapter 4 Qualitative variation: Auxiliaries in the Passé Composé

  8. Chapter 5 Quantitative variation: Synthesis and analysis in the future

  9. Conclusion

  10. Appendix A: Questionnaire

  11. Appendix B: Translation task

  12. Appendix C: Characteristics of the informants

  13. Works Cited

  14. Other Works Consulted

  15. Index

Tables

  1. Table 2.1. Growth of the French Canadian-born population in New England by state 1860–1900

  2. Table 2.2. Growth of the Franco-American population in New England by state 1900–1930

  3. Table 2.3. Decline in Percentage of French Canadian Immigrants in New England by state 1930–1970

  4. Table 2.4. Decline in percentage of French/French Canadian ancestry in New England by state 1990–2000

  5. Table 2.5. Decline in percentage of New Englanders speaking French in the home by state 1990–2000

  6. Table 2.6. Decline in French / French Canadian ancestry and French spoken in the home in Southbridge and Woonsocket 1990–2000

  7. Table 3.1. Frequency of French by community of residence

  8. Table 3.2. Frequency of French by age

  9. Table 3.3. Frequency of French by gender

  10. Table 3.4. Frequency of French by number of generations in the U.S.

  11. Table 3.5. Frequency of French by employment class

  12. Table 3.6. Frequency of French by French as a past medium of instruction

  13. Table 3.7. Frequency of French by language transmission

  14. Table 3.8. Frequency of French by type of marriage

  15. Table 4.1. Distribution of avoir and être by community

  16. Table 4.2. Contribution of significant factors to the use of avoir

  17. Table 4.3. Effect of frequency of French use on the use of avoir

  18. Table 4.4. Effect of age on the use of avoir

  19. Table 4.5. Effect of gender on the use of avoir

  20. Table 4.6. Effect of number of generations in the U.S. on use of avoir

  21. Table 4.7. Effect of socioeconomic status on the use of avoir

  22. Table 4.8. Effect of schooling in French on the use of avoir

  23. Table 4.9. Effect of transitive homonyms on the use of avoir

  24. Table 4.10. Verbs which produced 20 tokens or more by frequency and percent avoir

  25. Table 5.1. Translation task: synthesis and analysis by community

  26. Table 5.2. Conversation data: synthesis and analysis by community

  27. Table 5.3. Contribution of significant factors to use of the analytic future

  28. Table 5.4. Effect of age on use of the analytic future

  29. Table 5.5. Effect of gender on use of the analytic future

  30. Table 5.6. Effect of negation on use of the analytic future

  31. Table 5.7. Effect of the presence of quand on use of the analytic future

  32. Table 5.8. Effect of adverbial specification on use of the analytic future

Acknowledgments

I must express profound gratitude to Professor Cynthia Fox (University at Albany) for putting her corpus at my disposition, as well as for the expertise and diligence with which she has guided my research.

Details

Pages
X, 142
Publication Year
2026
ISBN (ePUB)
9781433138911
ISBN (MOBI)
9781433138928
ISBN (PDF)
9781453908174
ISBN (Hardcover)
9781433115226
DOI
10.3726/b24291
Language
English
Publication date
2026 (October)
Keywords
Sociolinguistics contact linguistics language contact language shift language death obsolescence Franco-American French morphology syntax morphosyntactic North American French New England variation immigration immigrant languages Graduate students scholars researching language contact and/or language shift scholars researching North American French
Published
New York, Berlin, Bruxelles, Chennai, Lausanne, Oxford, 2026. x, 142 pp., 33 tables.
Product Safety
Peter Lang Group AG

Biographical notes

Louis Edward Stelling (Author)

Louis Stelling (Ph.D., French Studies, 2008) is a Lecturer in French at his alma mater, the University at Albany (SUNY). Investigating Franco-American French since 2002, his research focuses on the relationship between the structure of the language and the role that it plays within the community.

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Title: Language Shift in Southern New England